tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-85241017682054949672024-02-08T04:26:01.630-08:00College life essayscharlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-5518425166348125632020-08-23T01:37:00.001-07:002020-08-23T01:37:12.187-07:00Question Of Being Essays - Philosophy, Belief, Philosophy Of Life charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-18692559485592538252020-08-21T23:19:00.001-07:002020-08-21T23:19:20.292-07:00A basic Introduction of Culture and its meaningAn essential Introduction of Culture and its significance The word culture is created from Latin expression of cultura which means care, or cultus that implies human advancement. (Harper 2010) It can be characterized as entangled arrangement of practices that offer and practice by a given gathering of individuals or society. This incorporates convictions, values, information, laws, propensities and material articles. (Andersen and Taylor 2007) Cultural and society are interwoven and they can't be isolated from one another. Society alludes to gatherings of individuals who remains in a similar area and keeps similar laws executed by their nations. (Kendall 2010) Hence, individuals in a similar area will ordinarily play out a similar culture. (Brinkerhoff et al 2008) A few communists see culture as a lifestyle (Mohanthy 2005) respects to individuals perspectives and carrying on. (Macionis 2005) Culture additionally alludes to exercises or images that made and embraced by individuals to manage certain issues so as to get by in their surroundings and acknowledged by their general public. (Brym and Lie 2007) Further, it can likewise be a device to join the general public so everybody can energize together by having a similar culture, same course. (Andersen and Taylor 2007) For instance, Malaysia is well known as rich social legacy due to having various races with different societies that unite individuals (Boey 2007) particularly through the most recent One Malaysia idea. (Bernama 2009) Culture is shared and transmitted from age to age for future direction. (Kendall 2010) Different societies will be shared when there are different races and morals gatherings. (Andersen and Taylor 2007) This can be clarified further by the way of life of disseminating red bundles during Chinese New Year by Chinese. This culture of giving red bundles doesn't just share by Chinese in actuality it has been embraced by Malays in disseminating green parcels during Hari Raya festivity. (Faroukaperu 2010) Thus, culture is found out and not conceived intuitively. (Andersen and Taylor 2007) Next, culture is changing all the occasions and diverse across to places. Individuals these days will in general change their societies dependent on their inclinations. For instance, individuals these days will wear dark array during Chinese New Year even it is disallowed by their customary societies. Individuals in US will kiss and embrace as their method of welcome which is entirely unexpected from Malaysia where there will be no cozy activities in welcome. This shows even similar activities can bring various implications when it applied in various nations on account of their recognize societies. (on the same page) Substance of Culture Section Two There are two distinct kinds of culture, which are material and non-material societies. Material culture alludes to roughly (Ferrante 2008) or human made things that can be seen, use, and offer by society. (Kendall 2010) They are significant as confirmations to demonstrate the current of past, current and approaching society. (Epitacio and Palispis 1996) Contrarily, non-material culture can be characterized as impalpable ideas that will influence on how individuals carry on. (Kendall 2010) This comprises of images, language, qualities, convictions and standards that made and followed by specific gathering of individuals in the public eye which I will talk about beneath. (Epitacio and Palispis 1996) Images The nearness of culture is a direct result of human ability to develop and get to images. (Popenoe 1989) Symbols are kind of unmistakable items or thoughts that individuals name them with divisions or implies. (Ferrante 2008) Symbols grant individuals to order their experience and extrapolate from it. This can be appeared by the images of daddy and mummy that can't be just location to anybody. As the infant regularly heard the words, in this way he knows who he should deliver these expressions to. (Brym and Lie 2007) Images can likewise make enthusiasm, affable or scorn since they are spoken to by certain unmistakable things. For instance, national melodies can represent patriotism, roses speak to affable and weapons speak to contempt. Next, white shade of outfit and pieces of clothing are typically worn by lady of the hour and spouse since white represents virtue. Individuals may likewise utilize images to show their status in the general public, for instance the vehicle BMW is an image of rich and well off. Henceforth, at whatever point we see somebody driving BMW, we will consequently sort that individuals as rich. (Kendall 2010) What's more, images of motions that appear to be perfect can some of the time affront individuals with various societies. The approval motion that generally express fantastic can be inconvenient in Australia as it implies up yours. They need to recollect that there are diverse representative implications in various society and new images can be made whenever. (Macionis 2005) Language Language is a kind of images that license individuals to share their ideas, permit them to consider carefully before cooperate with individuals. (Anderson and Taylor 2007) There are verbal and nonverbal dialects. (Kendall 2010) Language is viewed as the most significant image in communicating our past, feeling and legend since it is straight forward and straightforward. (Popenoe 1989) A few communists affirmed that language can be utilized to separate human from creatures. (Epitacio and Palispis 2007) Scientist Steven Pinker has asserted that language is the thing that normally conceived by people. (Brym and Lie 2007) Although creatures don't speak with one another by language, they do be able to adapt however with constraints. For example, parrot that will follow on what the mentors train it to be. Be that as it may, yet, their recollections are positive and they don't have the ability to comprehend the importance of its. In this way, creatures can't pass the messages to their descendants dissimilar to human. (Kendall 2010) Language and culture are indivisible. As kids gain proficiency with their language, they will see progressively about their way of life and take an interest completely into it. The feeling of assets to their own way of life can be made and through language they can share the former and world after tomorrow. (Ferrante 2008) Through language individuals can understand others encounters and mix-ups to guarantee no redundancy on a similar disappointment. (Epitacio and Palispis 2007) Every language has their own jargon, elocution and methods of building sentences. (Anderson and Taylor 2007) For instance, English language individuals will build a sentence in the subject-action word protests (The young ladies are playing Barbie dolls) which is diverse contrast with Korean subject-object-action word (The young ladies Barbie dolls are playing). Korean and Chinese will initially address their family last name however western individuals will just address their family name after referenced their own name. (Ferrante 2008) Sometimes similar words can likewise articulate diversely by utilizing American or British slang. Further, jargon for tomatoes is known as pomodoro in Luigi and agvabiya in Shoshanna. These unmistakably show the utilizing of dialects can order the general public individuals are in (Brym and Lie 2007) and to shape solidarity inside the gatherings. (Brinkerhoff et al 2008) By and by, Sapir-Whorf Thesis was proposed in 1930s by etymologists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf respect to the connections between encounters, ideas and language. (Brym and Lie 2007) This theory guaranteed that the language individuals use will shape their point of view of fact about what they look like the world (Anderson and Taylor 2007) and no dialects will have similar considerations of reality. (Popenoe 1989) However, numerous researchers discovered this proposition misrepresented the connection among language and individuals idea, methods of carrying on. They do concur that the language could influence their conduct and observation however won't learn it. (Kendall 2010) Language additionally being utilized to separate sex and this can be appeared by case of word manly used to portray he as solid while ladylike is utilized to speak to she as weakling. (Brym and Lie 2007) However, over the long haul, numerous vocabularies that beforehand just allude to men has changed the same number of ladies these days are exceptionally taught. For instance, the word administrator in the past has changed to either seat or director in associations. (Kendall 2010) Qualities and Beliefs Qualities speak to the ideal habits to choose the attractive quality respect to equity, right versus off-base and great refrain awful. (Anderson and Taylor 2007) Values are immaterial thoughts that could shape the compulsiveness of society. (Popenoe 1989) Meanwhile, values likewise shape a people conduct (Anderson and Taylor 2007) and individuals will utilize their qualities as models to assess the disposition of somebody. (Kendall 2010) As asserted by Talcott Parsons (1951), values are soaked up by individuals since they are little through their folks or natural variables. (Popenoe 1989) Thus by assessing the mentalities of somebody, individuals can decide the central qualities on what they realized in the previous. (Epitacio and Palispis 1996) Qualities are proportional with culture. (Macionis 2005) Some societies will esteem more on independence though some will esteem more on gathering. Found in this light, we can understand individuals in US esteem more on independence as they more spotlight on their own accomplishment as opposed to imparting it to other people. This is entirely unexpected with Korean that is prepared to share their upbeat with others and they will in general be greater solidarity. (Ferrante 2008) Besides, values have shared associations with convictions. Convictions are ideas and ideas that predicament individuals together and what they see it ought to be. A few communists guaranteed that convictions are the major for values and managing individuals to go through their lives despite the fact that occasionally it may not be right or corrupt. (Anderson and Taylor 2007) Cultural convictions and qualities don't just impact individuals perspectives yet could shape their methods of carrying on. (Macionis 2005) Another guide to demonstrate that convictions and qualities influence the disposition of individuals can be seen from Kwakiutl bunch who have the propensity for appropriating their affluent to their kin or even to their rivals. (Ander charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-50168638620274847942020-07-12T01:11:00.001-07:002020-07-12T01:11:02.896-07:00Sports College Essay SamplesSports College Essay SamplesIf you are thinking about writing a sports college essay then you will want to consider some of the sport college essay samples available. You are likely wondering if they are as good as some of the ones that the colleges use, and if the high schoolers who write them really have the benefit of being able to use high quality essays to gain admissions to their chosen college. A lot of people think that high school students can't do that, but it's not so.There are some very good college admission essays available for all types of students, no matter what their age. Most high schools now have a number of opportunities for students to write their own sports college essay, and this is one of those opportunities. All the students need to do is learn a little bit about how to go about doing this, and they can reap the benefits for a number of years to come.It seems that everyone these days has at least one chance to get a set of sports college essay samples. Some high schools have long ago taken advantage of this, and they are giving the essays out as part of the application process. The reasons why this is done include for students to show some kind of recognition of their writing ability, or in order to prove that they have something else going for them besides their athleticism.You might wonder how the kids do come up with so many sports college essay samples, since they already know what the topics are. The reason for this is that they are given a topic to work with that is close to their own area of interest. This is done because of the concept of shared writing, where the students that will be working together have a common goal. They are expected to come up with essays that are similar to each other, which is why they will be using the same samples.You might wonder how the high school student can be as competitive as he is, given that he already knows the topic isclose to his heart. The reason for this is that there is not much that a student can do that will allow him to make any kind of meaningful writing part of his life. It is most likely going to be confined to essay writing, which is not really his thing.Just like writing an essay for any other reason, you are going to be able to look through the sports college essay samples and see that some are being handed out to students that are very talented. Their own personal subjects are going to be the most competitive ones, but there are others that might be similar. It will just depend on the personality of the student.Each essay will have a particular aspect that the student is being judged on. It might be about winning a competition, learning a valuable lesson, or helping someone else out. They can decide what they want to focus on, and they are then going to have a tough time coming up with the best sports college essay samples to put on their own papers.Many high schools give out sports college essay samples to students because of the fact that many of them tend to do well in school. High school students who like sports are going to have the ability to have more success in their admission to college. They will learn things from the sports college essay samples that they may not have known otherwise, and they will also be able to use the work on their own final test. charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-86044782124376360122020-05-20T03:45:00.001-07:002020-05-20T03:45:03.335-07:00Soldiers At The United States Army - 1202 Words Soldiersââ¬â¢ Preparation in the U.S. Army Similarly, United States Army has extreme concern with the specific preparation of Soldiers. Therefore, it has developed a program called Physical Readiness Training (PRT). The programââ¬â¢s goal is to train Soldiers to be ready to work in hard duties and sustain activity in assignments or in combat roles (FM 7-22, 2012). The PRT has a high concern with Soldiers health, presenting preparation, recovery, strength and mobility, posture and body mechanics activities. The PRT has three phases to develop in Soldiers the correct physical condition: the conditioning phase, the sustaining phase, and the reconditioning phase. First, the initial conditioning phase is responsible for the practice part in order to develop the movement skills the correct way and prepare Soldiers for the next phase. The second phase is the sustaining phase. This focus phase is to achieve in Soldiers a higher level of physical readiness required in specific tasks and maintain the level achieved. The last phase is the reconditioning phase. During this phase, the intention is to restore the previous physical fitness levels of Soldiers (FM 7-22, 2012). During PRT phases, there is concern in following the principles of the PRT, such as precision, progression, and integration, in order to provide all advantages of the program. Furthermore, the PRT tries to develop the endurance, the strength, and the mobility, considered fundamental components to the success of theShow MoreRelatedBecoming A Soldier At The United States Army1015 Words à |à 5 PagesBecoming a soldier in the United States Army is an amazing accomplishment at so young an age, and usually considered to be a good thing. Itââ¬â¢s is a career, a job that can provide for a family in the future, as well as providing an identity, job opportunities , college education and friendship with like minded individuals. Being in the Army enhances your life by placing structure in your life, and an provides opportunities to achieve goals and to contribute in all different capacities. 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The soldiers that are serving wear the uniform knowing that th ere will be hardships that they mustRead MoreEssay on Accountability in Army885 Words à |à 4 PagesA Soldierââ¬â¢s Accountability A soldier of the United States Army has many values that are set forth in the ââ¬Å"Soldierââ¬â¢s Creed.â⬠The Soldierââ¬â¢s Creed states: I am an American Soldier. I am a Warrior and a member of a team. I serve the people of the United States and live the Army Values. I will always place the mission first. I will never accept defeat. I will never quit. I will never leave a fallen comrade. I am disciplined, physically and mentally tough, trained and proficient in my charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-48479911927986681522020-05-06T22:58:00.001-07:002020-05-06T22:58:35.749-07:00What Factors Must a Firm Consider While Addressing the... 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The benefits of manufacturing components in house seem to be very strong when highly specialized assets are involved, when firm is simply more efficient than external suppliers at performing a particular activity. When these conditions are not present, the risks of strategic inflexibility and organizational problems suggest that it may be better contract out manufacturing components to independent suppliers. Since issues of strategic flexibilityShow MoreRelatedSupply Mgmt Case Studies1781 Words à |à 8 PagesCase Study #1 - Sunspot, Inc 1. What are the most likely benefits of forming strategic supply alliances with Sunspotââ¬â¢s key suppliers? A strategic alliance between Sunspot and its key suppliers will result in a relationship based on trust. Itââ¬â¢s key for both parties to develop and manage this ââ¬Å"institutionalâ⬠trust or the alliance will fail. Trust will facilitate communication which will lead to less errors and higher quality, faster development times, and lower costs. 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Harry pursues his career at home and using his personal resources comes up with a prototype anti-virus. As charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-43440418461641033352020-05-06T07:21:00.001-07:002020-05-06T07:21:10.569-07:00Reward Management for Fair Work Act - myassignmenthelp.com Question: Discuss about theReward Management for Fair Work Act. Answer: Introduction The report is prepared to adders the perspectives of different types of stakeholders in business on the management of rewards, benefits and compensation based on the organizational perspective. According to the case study, it can be understood that the rules and regulations in Australia maintained has helped in creating fair work commission to make a national minimum wage order. It is the duty of the minimum wage panel to conduct the review of annual wages during each financial year and ensure that the workers needs and requirements are kept fulfilled. One of the most important legislation can be the Fair Work Act that has created few requirements of the processes that are needed to be reviewed. Thus, the topic will discuss the perspectives, views and opinions of the various stakeholders and ensure that they have reviewed the minimum wage conditions efficiently (Aubert et al. 2014). The contrasting theoretical approaches to minimum wage determination The wage determination theoretical approaches have been combined, as presented in the FWA, is needed for determining the right structure of wages provided to the workers and ensure that it benefits both the employers and employees of the various business organizations in Australia. The topic will also illustrate the reviews and perspectives of the FWC to check whether the aims and objectives of the FWA have been achieved or not. Based on the submissions of ACTU and employer organisations, it could be understood that the Fair Work Act was managed by the Expert Panel, who believed that it could accomplish the requirements of reviewing the national minimum wage in the form of rewards provided at each of the financial years. Based on the feedbacks of the Expert panel, who are also regarded as important stakeholders, the national minimum wage order is set and can help to set the right wages for the employers and employees of the organisation with ease and effectiveness (Brown 2014). The F air Work Act enables to fulfill the requirements of the minimum wage review allow all the individuals to participate in the review panel. According to the reviews, it is clear that the NMW rate has to be set properly and understand the necessity of making any changes to the modern reward minimum wage. The Panel performs its roles and responsibilities by making certain considerations according to section 134 and then set the NMW rate to handle the legal considerations as well. Under the Fair Work Act, the Fair Work Community or FWC is also considered as an important stakeholder who has reviewed the financial years and declared that there may or may not be changes to the national minimum wage order (Bustamam, Teng and Abdullah 2014). Collective bargaining The Fair Work Act has created an impact on the national minimum wage through the encouragement of collective bargaining. The collective bargaining enables to negotiate between both the employees and employers of the organisation to control the salary structure, manage terms and conditions and benefits related to the rights and compensations of the employees. The representatives of the Trade Union provide the interests of the employees and it can also facilitate the scale of pay, working hours, training, health and safety, grievance methods, rights to get involved in the workplace and other company related affairs (Panagopoulos 2012). Wage theory It is seen that the various theories for the determination of wages based on the contribution of labour workforce have changed from time to time with the change in economic business environment. Previously there was subsistence theory that focused more on the labour market supply, and the demands were ignored. The change in workers' supply had facilitated changes in the wages structure and ensured that proper amounts of wages should be paid to the workers so that they could support their families and live properly (Garbers and Konradt 2013). The market price of labour must not change from the actual price, and in case the wages increase more than the subsistence, there would be an increase in the numbers of workers and the rate of wages would come down as well. If the structure of wages decreases than the subsistence., there would be a decrease in the number of workers and the salary would hike for the remaining workers too (Garbers and Konradt 2014). The collective bargaining theory allows for establishing the wages structure, working hours, working conditions according to the bargaining power of the individuals during the agreement. The employers do hold more power and better position to combine the various wages related aspects according to the demands of the employees (Cuevas?Rodrguez, Gomez?Mejia and Wiseman 2012). This would also help them to endure or survive the loss of revenue and even manage the various processes effectively to develop the bargaining strengths of the parties. Based on the review, it could be understood that there had been several changes in the economic environment including the increase in net disposable income by 6.8 percent after it suddenly fell. The inflation rate had also increased though it was lower at the medium target range of RBA. Their statements also proved that the growth in labour productivity was more than the last year and profit level achieved had been consistent during the past few years for both the total and non-mining industries. The major business conditions are also surveyed to assess the positives and ensure that proper wages structure is followed to gain long-term benefits (Karami, Dolatabadi and Rajaeepour 2013). According to the employer organisation, the workers who are paid lesser wages may be forced to suffer from poverty and requirements not met as well whereas the employees who work as full-time workers have been getting a better living standard that can go beyond the poverty level. The stakeholders believ ed that increased level could result in no such inflationary effects and there had been very negligible chances of affecting the employment negatively (Perkins, White and Jones 2016). Based on the responses of ACTU, i.e., an amount of $27.00 has been increased for the NMW and a 3.6 percent increase in the modern award wages. Based on the submissions, it could be understood that the overcompensation benefits provided to the workers has resulted in increasing the rate of inflation, which created further complexities and issue related to the national minimum wages reward. One of the major changes related to the economy that was done had been the decrease in inflation rate and growth in the average wages paid to the employers and employees. This resolved a lot of issues, and even the national minimum wages were increased efficiently (Shields et al. 2015). There were also economic situations where the hospitality, restaurant, retail and few other industries have faced issues due to the occurrence of natural disasters including cyclones, droughts during the previous years. According to ACTU, equal wages should be paid to the workers and ensure that the standards of living for NMW could be improved and the needs and requirements of the employees could be met easily. According to the various Acts, it is necessary to promote social inclusion and national economic prosperity, which can help in providing good workplace relations as well as maintain a good workforce to enhance the production level and promote economic growth as well. From the submissions of ACTU and employer organizations, it is quite evident that there is need to make superannuation contribution for benefiting the employees and even prevent the employer to provide the superannuation guarantee charge according to the legislations and policies implemented (Sparrow 2013). The extent to which these stakeholders approached aligns with contemporary reward management It is evident and true to the fact that the various stakeholders involved in business have been highly involved with the alignment to reward management. They are highly involved with the reward management system, and they have performed their roles and responsibilities properly to ensure that proper amounts of wages are paid to the workers, and they are kept satisfied too. It could be seen that the Panel had the role of increasing the national minimum wage of employees and could also check the effectiveness of economy. The Panel within the stakeholders could also ensure that the award wages had been increased along with the higher production of labour within the organisations without creating any negative impact on the inflation rate (Speiser and Speiser 2012). This would encourage the employees and influence their behaviours to perform better and efficiently as well. It is not easy to measure the rewards and manage those and so to a particular extent, rewards should be relied upon t o ensure that positive effects are created both by the employees and employers. The involvement of stakeholders in the management of rewards is essential for checking the employees' productivity for those who suffer from a disability and also not (Tobey Sr and Yasanthi Perera 2012). There are few limitations that have been faced while allocating labour during the reward management. The human resources department must check the wage structure within the workplace of the organisations. It can help in setting the right wages by addressing the changes in supply and demand, which may have resulted from the structural changes in the economic structure. To some extent, it is also important to be noted that ACTU has supported the reviewing of various literature from US and UK to understand the impact of employment effects on the national minimum wages. The engagement of stakeholders is also essential for ensuring competitiveness within the organisation that can not only improve the economic performance but will also allow for setting the minimum wages provided to the employees of the organisation. The reward management also involves the various employees to ensure that their needs and requirements are fulfilled, and the wages structures are adjusted according to the lab our input and the contribution of the employees to the organisation, rather than focusing on the working hours (Aubert et al. 2014). The employees who are also considered as important stakeholders have the power to do collective bargaining. From various data and information collected, it could be seen that most of the employees had been provided with the wages based on the collective bargaining and this had managed to fulfill their needs and requirements as well (Bustamam, Teng and Abdullah 2014). There are other stakeholders too such as the managers, business professionals, technician and trade workers, sales workers, labourers, operators or machinery and equipments, etc. The employees who are paid lesser wages shall have to be provided with proper benefits based on the growth in production level. With the labour share of income-decreasing at both economy level and reward management level, it is also important to make sure that growth in production level is achieved and the living standards of the employees are improved too (Panagopoulos 2012). The employers also have the responsibilities of setting the wages of employees based on the power of market held by the employers. Within the area of enormous competition, the maximization of profit is based on the wages provided and employment practices as well. Therefore, it could be concluded that the stakeholders had been aligned with the reward management to a large extent (Cuevas?Rodrguez, Gomez?Mejia and Wiseman 2012). Conclusion The topic focused on the various aspects of reward management considering the reviewing of modern award minimum wages and thereby created a national minimum wage order. The Fair Work Act was considered as useful for setting out the most important process requirements for the review and ensured successful management of rules and regulations of minimum wages provided to the employees. The impact of ACTU, NMW and the involvement of various stakeholders involved in business had helped in setting the right amount of wages provided to the employees. The various theories including the wage theory and subsistence theories had been considered here as useful along with the submissions made by ACTU and employer organizations to determine the ways of setting wages. The stakeholders who were approached had also been involved with the reward management largely for creating a positive impact on the setting of wages of employees within the organizations. References Aubert, N., Garnotel, G., Lapied, A. and Rousseau, P., 2014. Employee ownership: A theoretical and empirical investigation of management entrenchment vs. reward management.Economic Modelling,40, pp.423-434. Brown, D., 2014. The Future of Reward Management: From Total Reward Strategies to Smart Rewards.Compensation Benefits Review,46(3), pp.147-151. Bustamam, F.L., Teng, S.S. and Abdullah, F.Z., 2014. Reward management and job satisfaction among frontline employees in hotel industry in Malaysia.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,144, pp.392-402. Cuevas?Rodrguez, G., Gomez?Mejia, L.R. and Wiseman, R.M., 2012. Has agency theory run its course?: Making the theory more flexible to inform the management of reward systems.Corporate Governance: An International Review,20(6), pp.526-546. Garbers, Y. and Konradt, U., 2014. The effect of financial incentives on performance: A quantitative review of individual and team?based financial incentives.Journal of occupational and organizational psychology,87(1), pp.102-137. Karami, A., Dolatabadi, H.R. and Rajaeepour, S., 2013. Analyzing the effectiveness of reward management system on employee performance through the mediating role of employee motivation case study: Isfahan Regional Electric Company.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(9), p.327. Panagopoulos, C., 2012. Extrinsic rewards, intrinsic motivation and voting.The Journal of Politics,75(1), pp.266-280. Perkins, S.J., White, G. and Jones, S.E., 2016.Reward management: Alternatives, consequences and contexts. Kogan Page Publishers. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sparrow, P.R., 2013. 11 International reward management.Reward management: a critical text, p.233. Speiser, M.L. and Speiser, L., Yahoo! Inc., 2012.Automated reward management for network-based contests. U.S. Patent 8,224,696. Tobey Sr, D.H. and Yasanthi Perera, B., 2012. Corporate social responsibility initiatives: A stakeholder model for aligning competing values in West Africa.African Journal of Economic and Management Studies,3(1), pp.95-115. charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-67501100270264941302020-04-23T12:32:00.001-07:002020-04-23T12:32:04.365-07:00Twelfth night analysus Essay Example For Students Twelfth night analysus Essay She states simply that no matter how suitable he is for her, she wants to stick to the romantic notions of love and says simply, I cannot love him Dramatic irony is continually featured specifically in this scene, the audience are capable of knowing the immediate circumstances of the story more than the actual characters within it; we are able to see a discrepancy between characters perceptions and the reality they face. Viola and Olivias beliefs become ironic since they are different from the reality of their immediate situation, and their intentions are likewise different from their actions. We will write a custom essay on Twelfth night analysus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This not only creates tension between the characters, but between the audience and the characters who wait in suspense for the truth to be revealed. Olivia combats her issues of class difference, while Viola attempts to control her jealously of Orsinos love demoting Olivias womanhood. After introductions they become very personal, and Olivia asks, what are you what would you? in a very impersonal manner, to which Viola ironically replies, What I am, and what I would, are as secret as maidenhood. This has an overt meaning as well as an ostensible one. Viola intends to examine her rival more closely but is drawn into an increasingly intimate exchange that grows out of the secret of their shared maidenhood her maidenhood is oblivious to Olivia, who only sees the surface truth. Viola moreover is left in the dark about Olivias character, I see what you are, thinking she is seeing the real Olivia, however blinded by her jealousy, fails to notice the humility and honesty of Olivias tone. Refusing to believe that Olivia could be as good of a suit as herself for the Duke, is only visible to the audience. The initial formalities carried out by servant and Lady is lost, as they continue their conversation in a more familiar manner. Olivia is entangled in Cesarios romantic vision of how he would love her if he were the Duke and ironically Viola is wishing that she was also the object of such passion from the Duke. Olivia is so used to the passive images that the Duke leaves her to imagine in his speeches, that she is overwhelmed when this attractive youth is romantically preaching about the willow cabin and love that is beyond the elements of air and earth116,264, she is captivated by the romantic image Cesario creates. Violas objective was not to attract Olivia for herself though this is clear through Olivia saying very enthusiastically, You might do much , a turning point in the scene. The audience is aware that this is in fact what she has succeeded in achieving, yet Viola does not yet see. What is your parentage? asks Olivia, keen to know Cesarios social status and background, as we also know in addition to not loving Orsino she does not wish to marry above her station. On finding Cesario is in fact a gentleman she is keen to pursue him inviting him back unless perchance you come to me again/to tell me how he takes it. On departure Viola turns down the money that Olivia tries to give her, reinstating her original noble status claiming my master, not myself, lacks recompense. Olivias repetition of above my fortunes discloses her contemplation of Cesario as a potential husband furthermore even so quickly may one catch the plague she is surprised herself and the speed of her infatuation and paralleling love to the plague implies the overt threat of the plague of love throughout the play, moreover echoing Act 1 scene 1 showing the grave reality of her situation. Olivia herself is aware of the irony of her situation perusing Cesario however this is where her age comes into consideration. .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 , .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .postImageUrl , .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 , .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4:hover , .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4:visited , .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4:active { border:0!important; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4:active , .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4 .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u16deaaa75336773fade08f60cd2ecbc4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 1-3-1 EssayOlivia could either be a mature lady of gracious manor, or a young girl forgetting to be discreet for her eagerness Expressing interest in Cesario for first time, these broken lines are what Viola later refers to as Olivia speaking in starts distractedly she now too is very aware of the grave yet comical situation. Olivia declares that she had found Viola attractive, Methinks I feel the youths perfections. Acting on this, and going against her seven years of not seeing another man, she sends for Malvolio to take a ring to Viola so that he may return with it. Some disguises are deceptive and some deceptions are disguised, Feste at the beginning of the scene calls Olivia is a fool redirecting our attention to her rash vow and other speeches of his which obscurely foreshadow its abandonment and her marriage. As there is no true cuckold but calamity jove cram with brains Love is an irresistible passion, whether it be Orsinos for Olivia or Violas for Orisno, or Olivias for the disguised Viola all are fundamental to the play. Shakespeare challenges gender roles and the conventions of romance in his use of disguise however Viola does not conform. The sea captain never returns with her maiden weeds . In refusing to readmit a feminine Viola at the conclusion, the play seems hesitant to renounce the social and sexual inversions, moreover there is no real resolution for Malvolio who threatens revenge on the whole pack of you! charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-21691482137039071172020-03-17T11:07:00.001-07:002020-03-17T11:07:04.103-07:00Effectiveness of BlueSky AirwaysEffectiveness of BlueSky Airways BlueSky Airways is one of the leading companies in the British airline industry. The firm faces a number of challenges including stiff competition. This paper analyzes the position of the firm in the market.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Effectiveness of BlueSky Airways specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several airlines are competing for supremacy in the UK Short Haul Market. In the entire Europe, it is believed that UK significantly generates more air traffic as compared to other countries (Bamber von Nordenflytch 2009, p.20). Recent researches indicate that UK airports handle an annual average of two hundred and thirty million passengers. Some of the airlines competing for this market include easy Jet, Ryanair, British Airways, BlueSky Airways Flybe, bmi, bmibaby, Aer Lingus among others. These airlines fly from UK airports to other European destinations and vice versa (Lavery 2005, p. 63). The airlines atte mpt to lure more customers as well as ensuring creation of more value from its operations through building a competitive strategic advantage in the airline industry. In this industry, BlueSky Airways have opted to come up with a number of strategies that may help it improve its operations in addition to competing effectively in the aggressive environment (Mitchell, Coles Keane 2009, p. 77). Some of the policies formulated seem quite fundamental for building a strong strategic position in the turbulent airline market while others appear to bring negative impacts on the performance of BlueSky Company (Shapiro Varian 1999, p. 152). Michael Porter put forward three generic strategies namely: cost leadership, differentiation and focus (Porter 1996, p. 124). For any company aiming at outperforming other firms in the market, embracing either reduction of costs in its processes or differentiating the products or services is inevitable (Nag 2007, p. 938). However, Michael Porter also advoca ted for focus strategy if a market niche exist or where there is less competition in the market.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, Porter demonstrates the application of the value chain analysis for any firm in an attempt to create considerable value in its processes/activities. The primary activities include the inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, sales and marketing. Moreover, some support activities most probably assist in increasing the firmââ¬â¢s value resulting from the ongoing primary activities (Gladwell 2000, p. 66). The support activities include procurement, technology development, human resource management and firmââ¬â¢s infrastructure (Kim Mauborgne 2005, p.183). The approaches put forward endeavor to create a competitive advantage for various firms operating in diverse industries (Liebeskind 1996, p. 125). Regardi ng the above discussion, it is clear that BlueSky Airways had opted for service differentiation rather than cost reduction in gaining significant market share (Probst, Raub Romhardt 1999, p. 223). This was demonstrated by the unique services such as free refreshments for passengers, more legroom, better quality seats, baggage checking in addition to seat assignment. Conversely, it has appeared that other competitive firms in the market have focused on cost reduction. For instance, the leading airlines in the market, that is, easy Jet and Ryanair are said to derive their good performance from charging low freights, which can partly be explained by substantial reduction in its operational costs (Martin 1995, p. 45). However, it later on came to BlueSky Airways attention that lowering its fares, implementing self-service, check-in port and buy-on-board will extensively help BlueSky reposition itself in the market and hence compete effectively (Moore1995, p. 56). Although these might h ave positive effect on its performance, BlueSky Airways believe that the maintenance of travel agents, mixed fleet of aircrafts as well as offering back up services will help reduce frequent delays and cancellation of flights hence building a competitive advantage over its competitors (Hamel 2002, p. 137).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Effectiveness of BlueSky Airways specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, in the implementation of the proposed policies, a number of issues that needed to be fixed emerged among customers and the cabin crew. With the implementation of buy-on-board, the cabin crew complained that it compromises their professionalism. On the other hand, customers complain of the difficulties in operating the self-service kiosk ((Donelan1998, p. 123). They also feel uncomfortable with the high prices charged by BlueSky Airways. From the industry perspective, BlueSky Airways face stiff compe tition from the companies that employ cost leadership strategy in their operations. BlueSky Airways, which have embraced service differentiation strategy is likely to drag behind in the aggressive airline market as a result of the soaring number of price sensitive clients. The airline company has a number of primary activities such as warehousing passengersââ¬â¢ luggage, controlling the inflow and outflow of the luggage, flying customers to different destination points, advertising the quality of services offered to the customers as well as selling the airline tickets, offering services such as buy-on-board among others (Frank Cook 1995, p. 86). The support activities include outsourcing services of other companies in an attempt to reduce cancellation and delays of its own flights, use of technology through online booking of tickets, online payment of the charges, recruitment and training of cabinet crew and other staff members. The BlueSky Airways also receives great support fr om the restructured departments such as the accounting and finance department, which takes into consideration the amount spend in its operation and the resulting revenue (Scholes 2008, p. 167). It also evaluates on the best services to be employed by BlueSky Airways as it may have the potential effect of increasing its value and consequently earning it a strong strategic position. Other support departments include legal department and quality management (Stewart 1997, p. 105).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The support activities have the potential of increasing the corporate value of BlueSky Airways. For instance, the availability and accessibility of BlueSky Airwaysââ¬â¢ website ensures busy and distant clients are able to access the website for instant booking. Furthermore, online booking reduces expenses as well time wastage associated with the movement back and forth in an attempt to get an air ticket at the booking offices (Bates 1999, p. 112). However, a number of primary activities are perceived as not adding considerable benefits to the airline operation. For example, cabin crew claimed that buy-on-board would strongly affect their professionalism. This will accordingly influence the corporate image in terms of the professionalism of its employees. As a result, existing and prospective customers may opt to choose other airline companies. Therefore, it will be prudent for BlueSky Airways to employ other value-adding services in order to maintain the long lasting good public image portrayed by its Cabin crew in the entire British airline industry (Kaplan 1992, p. 123). To ensure high level of competency in the UK Short Haul Market the company should however embrace cost leadership strategy bearing in mind that a large number of airlines dominates the industry. Certainly, the leaders in this market such as easy Jet and Ryanair seem to do better in the market. Their great performance is derived from their constant strategy focused on targeting the large price sensitive market segment. This has seen its grand performance attract new investors into the two airline companies. On the other hand, the service differentiation seems to add more costs on the plane operational costs. The BlueSky Airways therefore analyze its primary activities such as flying of passengers from one destination to another and try as much as possible to reduce the costs by employing support activities such as technology. Technology is to be utilized in online booking of tickets as wel l as the payment of charges (Sveiby 1997, p. 91). List of References Bamber, GJ von Nordenflytch, A 2009, Up in the Air: How Airlines Can Improve Performance by Engaging their Employees, Cornell University Press, Ithaca. Bates, A 1999, Managing technological change: Strategies for college and university leaders, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. Donelan, J 1998, ââ¬Å"Value chain analysis: A strategic approach to cost managementâ⬠, Journal of Cost Management, Vol. 7, Issue 15. Frank, R Cook, P 1995, The Winner Take All Society, Free Press, New York. Gladwell, M 2000, The Tipping Point, Little Brown, New York. Hamel, G 2002, Leading the Revolution, Plume (Penguin Books, New York. Kaplan, R 1992, ââ¬Å"Activity-based systems: Measuring the costs of resource usageâ⬠, Accounting Horizons, V0l. 1, Issue 13. Kim, LM Mauborgne, C 2005, Blue Ocean Strategy, Harvard Business Press, Harvard. Lavery, B 2005, ââ¬Å"International Business; Former Chief of Aer Lingus To Get British Airs Top Postâ⬠, The New York Times, Retrieved Liebeskind, JP 1996, ââ¬Å"Knowledge, Strategy, and the Theory of the Firmâ⬠, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 17. Martin, J1995, The Great Transition: Using the Seven Disciplines of Enterprise Engineering, AMACOM, New York. Mitchell, J, Coles, C Keane, J 2009, ââ¬Å"Upgrading along value chains: Strategies for poverty reduction in Latin Americaâ⬠, COPLA Global Overseas Development Institute, London. Moore, MH 1995, Creating Public Value: Strategic Management in Government, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Nag, R 2007, ââ¬Å"what is strategic management, really? Inductive derivation of a consensus definition of the fieldâ⬠, Strategic Management Journal, Volume 28, Issue 9, pp 935ââ¬â955. Porter, ME 1996, ââ¬Å"What is strategy?â⬠Harvard Business Review, Harvard. Probst, G, Raub, S Romhardt K 1999, Managing Knowledge, Wiley, London. Scholes, K 2008, Exploring Corporate Strategy, 8th edn, Essex, FT Pr entice Hall. Shapiro, C Varian, H 1999, Information Rules, Harard Business School Press, Boston. Stewart, T 1997, Intellectual Capital, Nicholas Brealey, London. Sveiby, KE 1997, The New Organizational Wealth: Managing and measuring knowledge-based assets, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, San Francisco. charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-74995018250976636892020-03-01T02:54:00.001-08:002020-03-01T02:54:02.997-08:0010 Interesting Facts About Atoms10 Interesting Facts About Atoms Everything in the world consists of atoms, so its good to know something about them. Here are 10 interesting and useful atom facts. There are three parts to an atom. Protons have a positive electrical charge and are found together with neutrons (no electrical charge) in the nucleus of each atom. Negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus.Atoms are the smallest particles that make up elements. Each element contains a different number of protons. For example, all hydrogen atoms have 1 proton while all carbon atoms have 6 protons.à Some matter consists of one type of atom (e.g., gold), while other matter is made of atoms bonded together to form compounds (e.g., sodium chloride).Atoms are mostly empty space. The nucleus of an atom is extremely dense and contains nearly all of the mass of each atom. Electrons contribute very little mass to the atom (it takes 1,836 electrons to equal the size of a proton)à and orbit so far away from the nucleus that each atom is 99.9% empty space. If the atom was the size of a sports arena, the nucleus would be the size of a pea. Although the nucleus is much denser compared wit h the rest of the atom, it too consists mainly of empty space.ââ¬â¹ There are over 100 different kinds of atoms. About 92 of them occur naturally, while the remainder are made in labs. The first new atom made by man was technetium, which has 43 protons.à New atoms can be made by adding more protons to an atomic nucleus. However, these new atoms (elements) are unstable and decay into smaller atoms instantaneously. Usually, we only know a new atom was created by identifying the smaller atoms from this decay.The components of an atom are held together by three forces. Protons and neutrons are held together by the strong and weak nuclear forces. Electrical attraction holds electrons and protons. While electrical repulsion repels protons away from each other, the attracting nuclear force is much stronger than electrical repulsion. The strong force that binds together protons and neutrons is 1,038 times more powerful than gravity, but it acts over a very short range, so particles need to be very close to each other to feel its effect.The word atom comes from the Greek word for uncuttable or undivided. The name comes from the 5th century BCE Greek philosopher Democritus, who believed matter consisted of particles that could not be cut into smaller particles. For a long time, people believed atoms were the fundamental uncuttable unit of matter. While atoms are the building blocks of elements, that can be divided into still smaller particles. Also, nuclear fission and nuclear decay can break atoms into smaller atoms. Atoms are very small. The average atom is about one-tenth of aà billionth of a meter across. The largest atom (cesium) is approximately nine times bigger than the smallest atom (helium).Although atoms are the smallest unit of an element, they consist of even tinier particles called quarks and leptons. An electron is a lepton. Protons and neutrons consist of three quarks each.The most abundant type of atom in the universe is the hydrogen atom. Nearly 74% of the atoms in the Milky Way galaxy are hydrogen atoms.You have around 7 billion billion billion atoms in your body, yet you replace about 98% of them every year! Take an Atom Quiz charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-8171508076386794062020-02-13T18:19:00.001-08:002020-02-13T18:19:03.321-08:00Communication assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsCommunication assignment - Essay Example Then finally the areas of improvement in the system are discussed. Finally the paper is concluded by developing a costing implementation plan. In recruitment process Communication is an inevitable element. The recruits are taking care of the company's organization structure, its policies and practices. To make people aware of company's supervisor, its rules and regulations Communication is necessary Communication helps to perform functions of employees effectively. Employees should be sincere in their job (i.e. Employees must show real affection to the organization in which they are working that will finally lead to its great success) If a Soldier really knows why is in his nation's army and why he have to follow certain rules/procedures with the citizens so it is easier to develop love towards nation as commitment to his nation. In order to make the subordinates know about their contribution to the enterprise activity Communication is unavoidable. By this the employees are motivated and will get some idea about what their supervisors and the organization are expecting from them. Communication is needed to teach employees about personal safety on the job. This is essential to reduce accidents, to lower compensation and legal costs and to decrease recruitment and training cost for replacement. Communication helps the manager in his decision process. ... his nation's army and why he have to follow certain rules/procedures with the citizens so it is easier to develop love towards nation as commitment to his nation. In order to make the subordinates know about their contribution to the enterprise activity Communication is unavoidable. By this the employees are motivated and will get some idea about what their supervisors and the organization are expecting from them. Communication is needed to teach employees about personal safety on the job. This is essential to reduce accidents, to lower compensation and legal costs and to decrease recruitment and training cost for replacement. Elite groups and the wider public have acquired about its goals, activities and accomplishments by the amount of support which an enterprise receives from its social environment. Communication helps the manager in his decision process. There is a spate of varied information produced in an enterprise. The manager must make a choice of useful and essential information which should reach him. Co-ordination is achieved through communication. Co-ordination is needed among its component parts on the basis of division of labors and specialization. Many interdependent activities are performed in different departments of an organization. This interdependence is not tolerated in the absence of communication. Communication promotes co-operation and industrial peace. Because of lack of communication most of the disputes in an enterprise takes place. CURRENT APPROACHES TO INTERNAL COMMUNICATION: Formal channels Intranets Intranet is the popular approach to internal communication. E-Mail Newsletter Periodic Presentations By The Boss Open House or Town Hall Sessions and even Good old Team Briefings or Staff Magazines, Notices and Posters. All can charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-64788624232206466432020-02-01T11:30:00.001-08:002020-02-01T11:30:03.898-08:00Raising the minimum age for a driver's license from 16 to 17 in all Essay - 1Raising the minimum age for a driver's license from 16 to 17 in all states - Essay Example There is a great need of the proper solutions to counter this major problem suffered by almost all nations worldwide. Government should take necessary steps to halt the accidents, either by raising the age requirement to get the driving license or by making institute graduating license a mandatory thing, as teenagers and young children are not experienced enough to take the high level responsibility of being a driver. In most of the countries, parents give permission to their young children to drive and get the driving license at a very early age, despite of having no prior experience or maturity to handle the tough circumstances in case of an accident. This scenario is not suitable as suggested by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. According to the research conducted by the administration, the highest percentage of car accidents occurs at the age of 16 due to the high speed driving. In the same age group, individual car accidents occur mostly and due to the driving failures. Teenagers aging 16 like to take risk in their life and therefore, use of safety belts is something they donââ¬â¢t give due importance when compared with experienced and old drivers. Many researchers are of the belief that it is because of the immature age, instant results, and lack of patience, improper training and low experience in the driving field that contribute to the road accidents and considered to be as the major factors that require changes. It is essential to help young teenagers from becoming the victim of their own lacking. The death toll of 16 year old drivers as studied during 1975 till 1996 was very high and shifting towards upward direction. In 1996, this death rate of young drivers accelerated up to 35% from 19%, found in both men and women drivers. According to Allen Williams, there was a 50% increase in the rate of teenage deaths from improper driving during 1975 and 1996; however, there was a sharp fall in the death rate of individuals ranging charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-64182064000837851252020-01-24T07:54:00.001-08:002020-01-24T07:54:03.235-08:00The Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe Essay examples -- essays research The Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe By C.S. Lewis à à à à à My favorite character in this book would have to be Peter. He was a little bit of a tough guy yet timid, but wasnââ¬â¢t afraid to fight for his siblings lives. Peter was the oldest amongst his brother and two sisters and was most likely the brains and brawn of the bunch. In this story, Peter has to fight off a wolf to test his courage or, in Aslanââ¬â¢s words, win his spurs. He returns victorious and is knighted by the lion called Aslan. His brother Edmund, a very mischievous boy and a bother to his sisters Lucy and Susan, looks up to Him though he never admits to it. Peter was definitely the highlight of this book. à à à à à Four children, two girls and two boys, are in for an adventure of a lifetime their names were, starting with the oldest, Peter, Susan, Edmund and Lucy. The story starts off with the children leaving London by train because of war. The place the children took refuge in was a mansion deep in the country where they would be out of harms way. In this mansion there were thousands of rooms, hideaways, secret passageways, many floors and much, much more. Of Course there was nothing more boring than to sit around all day when it did nothing but rain outside. So what do they do? They explore the house of course! And they did. In the process of doing so, they came to a room on the highest floor of the mansion, but all that was in there was a hand-carved wardrobe with not... charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-83599735070885578672020-01-16T04:18:00.001-08:002020-01-16T04:18:04.426-08:00Epistemology and Descartes EssayIn both Platoââ¬â¢s Allegory of the Cave and Descartesââ¬â¢ The Fourth Meditation, they discuss truth; what it is, where it comes from and how to differentiate it from falsehood and error. Platoââ¬â¢s paper is more metaphorical and uses imagery to paint a picture of his idea of truth, while Descartesââ¬â¢ is more straight forward, and uses examples. These papers are written very differently but are, at the same time, very similar when it comes to content. Although itââ¬â¢s not word for word, these two papers complement each other very well when it comes to defining truth and explaining its origin. In Allegory of the Cave, Platoââ¬â¢s view is that our senses, such as sight, skew our understanding of true knowledge. We are, for all intense and purposes, chained at the neck and ankles, unable to move. Our world is a cave lit by a fire disguised as the sun. We only see what is before us: our shadows, our falsities and errors. However, on the rare occasion that we break free from our chains, we are able to experience true knowledge. We understand the world around us and realize what we once thought we knew isnââ¬â¢t real. We view things in a new perspective, a new lightâ⬠¦sunlight. This is what Plato believes truth is. The cave where men are chained is, essentially, a mask, hiding Earthââ¬â¢s true identity. Once that mask is taken off, we know Earthââ¬â¢s true identity, we understand. One may relate being ââ¬Ëunchainedââ¬â¢ to an epiphany, or divine intervention. Itââ¬â¢s an experience of something so pure, so insightful; you know it to be true. And once we have experienced this pure truth, we must return to the cave populated by shadows and lit with an artificial sun. We must do to this so we can share our true knowledge with others, so they too, may one day be ââ¬Ëunchained. ââ¬â¢ In The Fourth Meditation, Descartes rationalizes Godââ¬â¢s Will, and all of imperfections, through a series of questions and answers. In this paper, Descartes describes God as the source of goodness, truth and being. He is infinite. The opposite of God, Descartes states, is nothingness. So, since we humans exist, Descartes explains we must be somewhere in between these two extremes. We are neither infinite, nor are we nothingness. We are finite, as God willed us to be. We consist of ââ¬Ëbeingââ¬â¢ and ââ¬Ënon-being. ââ¬â¢ Andà any imperfection we may have is not a result of our being, rather our non-beingâ⬠¦our error, in other words. Descartes says that when we know we know something, we are 100 percent sure about it. We have no feelings against it. Itââ¬â¢s a sudden realization, an epiphany perhaps. And in this state, our judgments are certain and true. Descartes also talks about how we can not know anything certainly, without looking at the whole picture. For example, scientists cannot expect to prove or disprove Godââ¬â¢s existence by looking at specific, finite things in the universe. Or if people try to disprove God by saying there is evil in the world, they arenââ¬â¢t looking at the big picture. For, in the big picture, Descartes thinks there would be an explanation, a purpose for evil. So even though Plato and Descartes give very different types of explanations about truth, and itââ¬â¢s origin, they come to similar conclusions. They both view truth as something beyond our ordinary senses. They both suggest taking a look at the bigger picture to find truth (being unchained/understanding Godââ¬â¢s infinite being). And they both agree that, when the truth is know, it needs to be shared. charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-61103286391212293412020-01-08T00:41:00.001-08:002020-01-08T00:41:02.706-08:00The Effects of Alcohol in College Students Essay - 1452 Words On college campuses across America, the use of alcohol has been an topic in need of explanation for many years. The concept will be explaned with emphise on the negative effects of hooch. Alcohol in cardio-sport athletes is especially harmful. But at any rate the negative concepts apply to all student. Besides the fact that a large number of students are underage when they drink, alcohol can put students in dangerous situations and give them a headache long after the hangover is gone. The short and long term effects alcohol has can impair students physically and mentally, impacting their education and health. In order to explain how alcohol can fully affect university students, the source of the issue must first be considered.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦All of these can lead to life-threatening injuries due to fights, falls, or random acts of violence. According to James C. Turners report, Injuries are more common than other medical problems among general patients treated for alco hol-related conditions in the emergency room (179). In a medical study at a large university, Turner notes, Of all emergency visits, 13% were alcohol relatedÃ⦠Injuries accounted for 53% of all visits, and acute intoxication accounted for 34% (179). Any higher intoxication interrupts vital signals that control respiration and heart rate. If the internal relaxation becomes too critical, comatose or death can occur. A more common fatality from drinking is alcohol poisoning, caused by the ingestion of large amounts of ethanol. An intoxicated person using any sort of machinery such as a car is perhaps the most dangerous of all situations. Although it may not be as serious as death, alcohol can harm an education which is more relevant to a student. Drinking affects college students study hours, grades, and even major choice. The most apparent effect of drinking is the loss of study time. Amy M. Wolaver sated, More frequent use of alcohol usually produces larger negative effects on st udy hoursÃâ¦heavy drinking is predicted to reduce usual study hours from between 20 minutes per day to an implausibly high estimate of 4 hours per day (415). With aShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol On College Students Essay1312 Words à |à 6 PagesAlcohol is one of the most popularly used substances in America (Fuertes Hoffman, 2016). Amongst all who consume alcohol, college students ages 18 to 24, have proven to consume more alcohol than any other age or group (Koyama Belli, 2011). Ruberman (2014) explained that college students between the ages of 18 to 24 are experiencing a time in life when mental illness levels are high. College students are also enduring higher levels of stress than normal that stem from social pressures and newRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On College Students1832 Words à |à 8 PagesJason P. Terrell ENG 111 28E Mrs. Boone 22 November 2015 Alcohol Abuse in College Students When students are making the transition from high school to college they begin to meet new people, make new friends, see what itââ¬â¢s like to be on their own and make their own decisions. This is all good and well, but sometimes they tend to make the wrong decisions. Many college students have trouble handling their newfound freedom, new acquaintances, and responsibilities in on- campus living which can leadRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students1227 Words à |à 5 Pagesï » ¿ The Effects of Alcohol Consumption on College Students On a weekly basis, college students consume more alcohol to fit in with their peers. Prior research has shown how alcohol consumption can lead to negative effects. Typically, college students ignore the negative effects of consuming alcohol, in order to have a good time. College students are the point in their life where they are searching for new and exciting ways to fit inRead More The effects of alcohol in College Students Essay1429 Words à |à 6 Pages On college campuses across America, the use of alcohol has been an topic in need of explanation for many years. The concept will be explaned with emphise on the negative effects of hooch. Alcohol in cardio-sport athletes is especially harmful. But at any rate the negative concepts apply to all student. Besides the fact that a large number of students are underage when they drink, alcohol can put students in dangerous situations and give them a headache long after the hangover is gone. The shortRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Awarene ss Programs On College Students1594 Words à |à 7 Pages Effects of Alcohol Awareness Programs on College Students Valerie Love Grand Canyon University: PSY-550 October 2, 2015 Abstract In this paper, the effects of alcohol awareness programs on college students will be discussed. The discussion and study will be based on the before and after effects of alcohol awareness programs on college students. The study presents a CBT (Cognitive Behavior Therapy), or an Alcohol 101 Psych-Education CD-ROM to a randomly assigned group of 113 college studentsRead MoreEffects of Alcohol Abuse on College Students Essay973 Words à |à 4 Pages1301-16 12 November 2009 Alcohol and College Students: What are the Effects? College is a time in oneââ¬â¢s life to start over, to start off on a clean slate. It is also time for a person to prepare for their future. Most importantly, college is time for people to achieve an education, while furthermore working on who they are and who they want to be. However, when people hear about college experiences, they are mostly focused around wild parties, drugs, and alcohol: the makings of a ââ¬Å"good timeâ⬠Read MoreEffects of Alcohol Use on Sleep and Academic Performance on College Students611 Words à |à 3 PagesAlcohol is a huge part of our society and itââ¬â¢s impossible to avoid seeing the advertisements for it because they are almost everywhere. Most people donââ¬â¢t typically think of alcohol as being a drug when in reality, it is and itââ¬â¢s can be highly abused. Jose Cuervo tequila has an ad that shows three young people that look to be about in their mid-twenties and it has a tagline that says ââ¬Å"Live. Laugh. Love. Sleep later.â⠬ What seems to be the most misleading thing about this ad is the tagline because itââ¬â¢sRead MoreEffects Of On Campus Housing On College Students Drinking Behavior1565 Words à |à 7 PagesEffects of on-campus housing on college studentsââ¬â¢ drinking behavior: A Literature Review Educational scholars have widely researched the effects of on-campus housing on the behavior of college students and one of the behavioral effects is on drinking behavior. Researchers from both the United States and New Zealand have found that students living in residential halls on campus demonstrate the greatest rates for drinking and peer pressure for drinking (Rickwood, et al., 2011.). Leontini, et al.Read MoreThe Effects Of Drinking On College Students1225 Words à |à 5 Pagesunderstanding the risks that come with them. Alcohol has been a major influence on college students and many of these students are unaware of the damage that is being caused by abusing it. What students in this age group do not understand is that their brain is still developing slowly and this process does not finish until they reach adulthood. Drinking can have harmful effects on the development of the brain, which has a major impact on the student as they age. College is a very stressful time period f orRead Moredrugs and alcohol on college students1105 Words à |à 5 PagesDrugs and alcohol, do they have a significant impact on the lives of college students or just the ones that fall short to the influence? There is a major problem with students using and abusing these substances, not only does it have negative effects on the user, but on the user s friends and family as well. A lot of drugs and alcohol become easily available to college students over the course of their college years. What can be done to help prevent students from abusing drugs and alcohol? Overall charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-49386526203809872322019-12-30T21:05:00.001-08:002019-12-30T21:05:03.843-08:00An Analysis of Theodore Roethkes My Papas Waltz Discussion #1: Part I: My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke appears ambiguous, especially at the first reading. The main reason for this is the type of diction the author uses. Stanza 1 seems innocent enough, for example, where the speaker ends by referring to waltzing. Although he refers to the dance as not easy, it can still be that the father indulged a little and started playing with his boy. In the second stanza, the word romped further confirms a sense of fun, despite the mothers frowning countenance. The third and fourth stanzas become ambiguous with the use of diction such as battered in Stanza 3 and beat in Stanza 4. A significant change in these stanzas is also that the speaker addresses his father directly, whereas the first two stanzas told the story in the third person. However, there are certain elements that clarify the intent of the subject matter, not to describe or address a father who was abusive, but rather to describe the realities of life at the time. In Stanza 3, for example, it is important to note that it was the fathers knuckle was battered. In Stanza 4, he did not beat the boy himself, but rather kept time on his head with his palm. The palm that was caked by dirt could have been from a day at menial labor or falling on the way from drinking whiskey. The buckle that scraped the childs ear appears to be the result of an accidental misstep rather than intentionally harmful. A final and somewhat conclusive clue to the intentionShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Theodore Roethkeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠Essay733 Words à |à 3 PagesAnalysis of Theodore Roethkeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠Theodore Roethkeââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠illustrates a nightly ritual between a working-class father and his young son. In the first stanza a young boy holds tightly to his father. The second stanza describes a playful roughhousing between father and son. The fourth stanza shows again the boyââ¬â¢s unwillingness to let go of his father. Roethkeââ¬â¢s AB rhyming scheme and waltz-like meter set a light and joyful cadence. The music of the waltz comes throughRead MoreCritical Analysis of My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltz by Theodore Roethke757 Words à |à 3 PagesTheodore Huebner Roethke was born in Saginaw, Michigan, the son of Otto Roethke and Helen Huebner. As a student at Saginaws Arthur Hill High School, Roethke demonstrated early promise in a speech on the Junior Red Cross that was published in twenty-six languages. However, the death of his father from cancer in 1923 was a loss that would powerfully shape Roethkes psychic and creative lives. Roethke atti tude toward his father Otto was depicted in his widely anthologized work My Papas Waltz writtenRead MoreAnalysis Of Theodore Roethke s My Papa s Waltz, And Robert Hayden s Those Winter Sundays925 Words à |à 4 PagesIn the analysis of Theodore Roethkeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltz,â⬠and Robert Haydenââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"Those Winter Sundays,â⬠both modernistic and highly respected poets similarly write with a sense of reminiscence of childhood experiences. Similarly, both poems are about a memory as a boy looking back at a specific time in their lives and the love they have for their respected fathers. A similar implication is expressed in the way of their lives not being perfect, but still remaining a humble family. This is shown withinRead Moreââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠1568 Words à |à 7 Pagesdetermine what Theodore Roethkeââ¬â¢s poem ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠conveys. Readers either interpret the poem as telling the happy memory of a l ittle boy playing with his father or as describing a scene of child abuse. From my point of view, the poem is more likely to be about the enjoyable time between the father and the son and I would explain this by discussing on the word choice, tone and rhythm of the poem. Before analyzing, the first thing to look at is the background of the poet, Theodore Roethke. Roethkeââ¬â¢sRead MoreEssay about My Papas Waltz vs. Those Winter Nights1521 Words à |à 7 PagesRichard Koch Literature and Culture 5/6/13 Research Paper My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltz Vs. Those Winter Nights In ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠by Roethke and ââ¬Å"Those Winter Sundaysâ⬠by Hayden, the two narrators speak about their fathers in a way that shows there were two different sides to their fathers. One side was abusive and strict, while the other side was loving and caring. Each narrator has a different attitude toward their feelings for their fathers. Roethke has a more fun and understanding view of hisRead MoreMy Papas Waltz: an Analysis of Speaker and Situation Essay772 Words à |à 4 PagesThe poem My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke is a moving representation of childhood spent in a working middle class family. The speaker of this poem is a man recalling his childhood, his father and his mother through the means of a waltz. The following essay will present a detailed analysis of the dramatic situation and speaker through the explanations of the various poetic tools used in this poem such as similes, choice of words and style. Theodore Roethke portrays the father figureRead MoreAnalysis Of Theodore Roethke s My Papa s Waltz958 Words à |à 4 PagesDeath with Love: An Analysis of Form in Theodore Roethkeââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠In ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠there are a plethora of word twists, hidden meanings, and thought provoking terminology. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the meaning of the word waltz is ââ¬Å"a dance performed to music in triple time by couples who, almost embracing each other, swing round and round in the same direction with smooth and even steps, moving on as they gyrate.â⬠The term of the ââ¬Å"waltzâ⬠in this poem hasRead MoreAnalysis Of My Papas Waltz1001 Words à |à 5 PagesDue to Theodore Roethkeââ¬â¢s use of imagery, syntax, and diction, ââ¬Å"My Papaââ¬â¢s Waltzâ⬠continues to spur passionate academic debate from professors, scholars, and students alike. Roethke uses these elements to allow the reader to recognize that he is reminiscing the intricate relationship he and his father shared. Although it is not essential, one could put the historical context into consideration. Evidently, there will always be individuals t hat see only abuse or a fond memory; however, we will neverRead More The Actual Meaning of My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke Essay836 Words à |à 4 PagesThe Actual Meaning of My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke Poetry is made to express the feelings, thoughts, and emotions of the poet. The reader can interpret the poem however they see fit. Critics are undecided about the theme of Theodore Roethkes My Papas Waltz. Some people believe that the poem is one of a happy exchange between a father and son. The more convincing interpretation is that it has a hidden message of parental abuse. Careful analysis of the keywords and each individualRead MoreTheodore Roethkes Poetry Analysis1598 Words à |à 7 PagesAnalysis of Theodore Roethkeââ¬â¢s Poetry Around the globe, there are a couple of authors who have been put into the limelight by the quality of their work. Authors of books and poems play a vital role in educating the community through communicating certain issues through writing. This paper focuses on discussing and analyzing Theodore Roethke, one of the poets who have been recognized all over the world and whose work has been read by many people from all over the world. The paper tries to analyze charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-72309541807335907252019-12-22T16:52:00.001-08:002019-12-22T16:52:04.261-08:00Audience About A Culture Or Sub Culture - 999 Words General Purpose: To inform the audience about a culture or sub-culture Specific Purpose: To give audience an insight to the lives of the Ancient Greeks and to teach them about Ancient Greece as a culture (Kendall) Introduction (Reagan) Attention Gainer: Here is a quote from a Greek philosopher, Heraclitus, ââ¬Å"day by day, what you chose, what you think and what you do is who you becomeâ⬠. This quote represents the evolution of Greece from the beginning of Ancient Greek time. Every day, the culture evolved in some way whether it is in architecture, philosophy or any other attribute of culture. Reason to Listen: Not only is it interesting, but is important for us all to understand the historical culture of Ancient Greece and respect the significance the Greeks find behind their culture. Speaker Credibility: Kendall and I have both spent hours researching this subculture in order to provide the most accurate information to give to you all today. Thesis Statement: We are here to inform you about the sub-culture of Ancient Greece and go into depth about philosophy, art and architecture, and religion and mythology. Preview Main Points: Hopefully we will be able to teach you all about the symbolism and history of Greek art and mythology, as well as give you an insight look as to what philosophy was like in Ancient Greece. Body Main Point # 1 (Kendall) The Ancient Greeks founded the concept of philosophy. (Sub-Point # 1) The literal definition of philosophy is the love of wisdom. TheShow MoreRelatedHmong Culture And Who We Are1080 Words à |à 5 PagesPurpose: I will Educate the audience about the Hmong Culture and Who we are. Thesis Statement: One of the least known cultures in this world is the Hmong culture and myself as a Hmong person the history and the culture has shaped to what we as Hmong people are today. INTRODUCTION I. (Attention Getter): [write the word ââ¬Å"Hmongâ⬠and ask the audience ââ¬Å"whoever can pronounce this word right Iââ¬â¢ll give them a dollarâ⬠} II. (Reveal Topic): Today, I will be talking about a culture that many of you probablyRead MoreOlaudah Equiano Essay989 Words à |à 4 Pagesaddition to the central theme, Equiano indirectly provides the reader with various sub-themes in order to support the central theme and to eventually convince the reader to support his argument that the institution of slavery should be done away with wholly. One such sub-theme is the existence of a set way of life, traditions, and/or customs by which the Africans live. The above passage is one that supports this sub-theme. The tone, diction, and syntax of the passage are the literary elements usedRead MoreUnited Arab Emirates Culture : Family, Date And Marriage1021 Words à |à 5 Pages United Arab Emirates Culture (Family, Date and Marriage and Personal Appearance) By Mahoula Dosso Introduction I. Attention getter: I am sure many of you in the audience have noted the differences in cultures of different ethnicities, especially in multiethnic countries, havenââ¬â¢t you? Me too. II. Connect topic to audience: Many people often wonder why the cultures of one tribe might be so different from others from the way they structure their families to the forms of dating and marriage to theirRead MoreClose to the Edge: the Representational Tactics of Eminem1567 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe strategy and tactics used by a Caucasian artist to integrate himself into the predominantly African-American and Latino dominated sub culture of hip-hop. The purpose of this document is to illuminate the methods utilized by what Dawkins calls the Other to seamlessly sneak into a racially charged social group and gain acceptance amongst its critics and audiences. This is someone who would otherwise be labelled as an outcast from the point of view of its patrons. Such methods draw from Michel deRead MoreAnalysis Of Hillbilly Elegy : A Memoir Of A Family And Culture1376 Words à |à 6 Pagesillness and addiction. Ex-marine, Yale Law School Graduate, and hillbilly-at-heart J.D. Vance wrot e a book titled Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis which includes parts his connection to addiction primarily through his mother and his personal view on the processes surrounding addiction among other troubles in the hillbilly culture and community. The Public Broadcasting Service, known as PBS, also delivered opinions on addiction to the public through the creation of a documentaryRead MoreHip Hop Culture And Culture1196 Words à |à 5 PagesHip-Hop Culture and race have had a complicated relationship in the past two decades. It has been commonly referred to as ââ¬Å"black musicâ⬠and a reflection of black culture. However, recent studies done by the Mediamark Research Inc. showed that 60% of rap music buyers are white. With the emergence of white, Latino, Asian, and other rappers with diverse backgrounds on the Hip Hop scene it is important recognize the changing color of the genre and the stereotype it holds as ââ¬Å"black musicâ⬠. Black cu ltureRead MoreAnime And The Anime Of Anime1468 Words à |à 6 Pagesor translate the japanese to the native language of said group by recording also known as dubbing. Many people in the western culture begin by watching dubbed anime as children then eventually transition to watching subbed. With so many who belong to opposing sides this led to disagreements to which is better, anime subbed or English dubbed. This disagreement led to a sub group within the anime community known as the purist, purist are fans that only watch subbed anime. These fans are often knownRead MoreThe Genre Of Cult Film1741 Words à |à 7 PagesPlan 9 from Outer Space and The Blob, cult film as a ââ¬Ëquasi-genreââ¬â¢ began to not only reject one set of stylistic conventions, but also started to expand into various sub-genres that it could ââ¬Ëumbrellaââ¬â¢. Highlighted by Sconce in his study, ââ¬Ë[cult film] would include entries from disparate sub-genres such as ââ¬Å"bad filmsâ⬠â⬠¦and just about every other manifestation of exploitation cinema from juvenile delinquency documentaries to soft core pornography.ââ¬â¢ This postmodernism and moral panic that the quoteRead MoreEssay about Informative Speech Outline Example1185 Words à |à 5 PagesOctober 7, 2014 General Purpose: To inform the class about the Maasai. Specific Purpose: To teach the audience certain aspects of the Maasai such as their culture, food, living conditions, and language. I. Introduction: A. Attention Gainer: Mika: ââ¬Å"Mambo rafiki! Maji maju?â⬠Kelsey: ââ¬Å"Ah poa, asante sana dada!â⬠Mika: ââ¬Å"Karibu sana.â⬠B. Reason to Listen: This is an example of a simple conversation between the Maasai, a unique African tribe whose culture is starting to diminish. According to Rogei, The languageRead MoreEssay on Mtv Arabia1329 Words à |à 6 PagesAnalysis: MTV Arabic Introduction: Music Television or MTV is the pioneer of the concept of a cable music channel. It started in 1981 in United States. This was a mark of the commencement of the cable TV revolution in the history. The primary audience for MTV is those in the 12 to 24 age group. Later on, MTV launched many sister channel, this includes VH1 (video hit one) which shows light popular music, Rhythm and blues which shows Ramp;B, jazz, classics and country music, and lastly Nickelodeon charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-66882089213729050982019-12-14T13:22:00.001-08:002019-12-14T13:22:03.475-08:00The Glorious Revolution in England Free Essays The Glorious Revolution of England happened in the seventeenth century, and the French Revolution, happened in the late eighteenth century to early nineteenth century this is during the age of enlightenment. The revolutions where started because of the new ideas and wants of the common people. They have a lot of similarities because they influenced each other but they also have many differences because they are different countries and people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Glorious Revolution in England or any similar topic only for you Order Now Because the ideas from the revolutions are so new and smart they influenced many other countries and their governments. The Glorious Revolution of England came fist during the eightinth century was the idea to overthrow King James II and replace him with a ParliamentThe French Revolution began with members of the Third Estate pronouncing the Tennis Court Oath in June, the assault on the Bastille in July. The similarities are mostly in how the revolution was started. Both King Charles I and Louis XVI were in debt because of the lack of money left behind from past monarchs. Both kings gave the problem on the peasants which made them very angry. They didnââ¬â¢t want to pay off the debt of the monarchs who they already payed large taxes to. King Charles I and Louis XVI had to summon on Parliament and the Estates to fix their financial issue. Instead of fixing the money problem they came up with new ways of government and planned against the monarchy. The main differences between the revolutions came from the philosophers. The main philosopher that influenced the revolution in France was Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the main philosopher for England was John Locke. John Locke was known as the father of libertarionism and is reguarded as one of the most influencial elightenment thinkers. Jean-Jacques Rousseauââ¬â¢s political philosophy influenced the French Revolution and the advance of modern political and educational ideas The political and social ideas of both the English and the French revolutions influenced many governments in the world such as America, Canada, Germany.. tc. Because of the English revolution the political idea of a constitutional monarchy rose and allowed more freedom and input from the common people in England. The French revolution made way for new government systems, such as democracy and socialism. The glorious revolution in England and the French revolution both are key turning points during the age of enlightenment and have influenced many of todayââ¬â¢s governments as well . How to cite The Glorious Revolution in England, Papers charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-71362584618249331482019-12-06T09:46:00.001-08:002019-12-06T09:46:03.224-08:00Whole Pieces free essay sample * Every time someone asks me to tell them the three things I like best about myself, all I can think of is how I would rather use my head as a punch bowl than answer that question. There are about a million correct ways I could answer. I am a girl, yes. A sister, yes. A daughter, yes. A lover, at times. A fighter, yeah sure. A thinker, always. A cook, yup. A runner, a fashionista, and a barista. Vaguely speaking, yes. But, I said vaguely. I canââ¬â¢t be pinpointed by a single description. I cannot be defined easily. I could answer any way I like. I could make you think annnnything I like. But, the truth of the matter is that I can solely be defined by looking at my life in its entirety. I change daily. (Case in point: favorite band circa 1999, Spice Girls). I am more than what I do, I am what I am. We will write a custom essay sample on Whole Pieces or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * I hate racing. Loathe, despise, abominate it. Have me run 10 miles, perfect. Track repeats, wonderful. Racing, can you please kill me? Donââ¬â¢t get me wrong, Iââ¬â¢m competitive as hell. But have you ever tried to race yourself? Iââ¬â¢m my own worst enemy. And itââ¬â¢s damn frustrating. Nothing I do is ever enough. Apparently, I have a split personalityaÃâ â⬠one who loves to race and one who hates it. Why is it that whenever I race the one who hates it is out there chugging along? Once my race-lover side took over and I won. I was 100 yards ahead and I couldnââ¬â¢t feel my body. Not from lack of pain, but from the inexplicable happiness and disbelief that comes from pushing your body further than you imagined possible. I crossed the finish line; I seriously thought I had died. 800 meters. 2 minutes, 35 seconds. Not great, but respectable. That was two years ago, I still havenââ¬â¢t stopped bragging. * ââ¬Å"I NEVER EVER WANT YOU TO SEE HIM AGAIN!â⬠Dad said ââ¬Å"YOU HAVE NO RIGHT TO TELL ME THAT!! YOU CANNOT TELL ME WHO TO LOVE! I CANââ¬â¢T WAIT TO LEAVE THIS (insert foul language) HOUSE!!!!!â⬠daughter said Storms off aÃâ â⬠I only want whatââ¬â¢s best for heraÃâ â⬠Dad thinks aÃâ â⬠I hate himaÃâ â⬠daughter thinks (Sixty-five minutes elapse) ââ¬Å"Do you want chicken marsala for dinner?â⬠Dad said ââ¬Å"Yeahâ⬠daughter said aÃâ â⬠I love heraÃâ â⬠Dad thinks aÃâ â⬠I love himaÃâ â⬠daughter thinks Theyââ¬â¢re a family * Apparently the key to world peace is empathy and ââ¬Å"walking a mile in someone elseââ¬â¢sââ¬â¢ shoes.â⬠Nah. Donââ¬â¢t you think all the worldsââ¬â¢ differences could be solved over a warm cup of coffee and a heaping plate of chocolate-chip pancakes? Trust me, weââ¬â¢d have peace. Well, that is until the coffee runs dry and the pancakes have all been devoured. Then expect a fight. Actually, expect a big fight, those pancakes are killer. * Following footsteps toâ⬠¦ London. Rosenheim. Rome. Chicago. Fontainebleau. Florence. New Delhi. Hong Kong. St Louis. Agra. Paris. Prague. Beijing. New York. Orlando. Venice. Berlin. Jaipur. Xiââ¬â¢an. York. Austria. Oahu. Willow Glen. Memphis. Tokyo. Fort Meyers. * I used to think that if you fell out of love, it wasnââ¬â¢t real in the first place. I used to think that Iââ¬â¢d fall in love once. People used to tell me it wasnââ¬â¢t real. They told me weââ¬â¢d grow apart. They said it couldnââ¬â¢t last and weââ¬â¢d get sick of each other, heââ¬â¢d go to college and weââ¬â¢d change. I refused to believe them because I was so in love, it hurt. He was my best friend, my boyfriend, my mentor, my everything. We had plans. The wedding was going to be in late November. Flowers? Gerber daisies. Colors? Yellow and blue. Best man? His brother. Home? Seattle. It was perfect and I gave him all of my heart, I really had nothing left to give. He was wonderful and we were wonderful. Now itââ¬â¢s just one big was. Even so, I know it was love. * He thinks the world of her. Sheââ¬â¢s going to be an actress. Sheââ¬â¢s going to be a princess. Sheââ¬â¢s going to change the world. She loves him but doesnââ¬â¢t know how to show him. His confidence in her is never forgotten. She wishes she could let him know how much she loves him. ââ¬Å"Grandpa, how was your day?â⬠* They say diamonds are a girlsââ¬â¢ best friend. Diamonds, huh? Iââ¬â¢m not so sure about that. What about chocolate eclairs? A tall nonfat upside-down, caramel macchiato? Surely there are finer things in life that a shiny rock. What about a decadent piece of chocolate, coconut cream pie? Give me a piece of that and Iââ¬â¢ll be your friend. In fact, Iââ¬â¢ll be the best damn friend youââ¬â¢ve ever had. * I am a master at metamorphosis. Time travel, no biggie. Sex changes, they only take me seconds. I have an infinite number of personalities. Currently, Iââ¬â¢m involved with countless lovers. Iââ¬â¢m the leader of nations and Iââ¬â¢m a wise spider, living in a barn, watching out for a dim pig. I am not a diagnosed psychotic and I donââ¬â¢t suffer hallucinations. I am a reader. Not only do I live in the real world, but I also live in the worlds contained on my bookshelf. Between the covers of my books live some of my very best friends, my most precious memories, and the most exciting chapters of my life. Reading is my escape. In a moments notice I can flee to a faraway land and take up an entirely new life. * ââ¬Å"Hellllo, welcome to Starbucks!! My name is Katie, how are you doing today?â⬠(she smiles) ââ¬Å"You know what, you just made my day. Youââ¬â¢re the first person to ask me that.â⬠* 2:39 pm. May 19, 1991. Itââ¬â¢s a girl. charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-40881204549156479552019-11-29T01:33:00.001-08:002019-11-29T01:33:05.023-08:00Supply and Demand Essay ExampleSupply and Demand Essay chapter: 3 Supply and Demand Krugman/Wells Economics à ©2009 ? Worth Publishers WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER ? ? ? ? ? What a competitive market is and how it is described by the supply and demand model What the demand curve and supply curve are The difference between movements along a curve and shifts of a curve How the supply and demand curves determine a marketââ¬â¢s equilibrium price and equilibrium quantity In the case of a shortage or surplus, how price moves the market back to equilibrium 2 of 42 Supply and Demand ? A competitive market: ? ? Many buyers and sellers Same good or service ? ? The supply and demand model is a model of how a competitive market works. Five key elements: ? ? ? ? ? Demand curve Supply curve Demand and supply curve shifts Market equilibrium Changes in the market equilibrium 3 of 42 Demand Schedule ? A demand schedule shows how much of a good or service consumers will want to buy at different prices. Demand Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans demanded (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 7. 1 7. 5 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 of 42 Demand Curve Price of coffee bean (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 A demand curve is the graphical representation of the demand schedule; it shows how much of a good or service consumers want to buy at any given price. As price rises, the quantity demanded falls Demand curve, D 0 7 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 5 of 42 GLOBAL COMPARISON Pay Mor e, Pump Lessâ⬠¦ ? Price of gasoline (per gallon) Germany Because of high taxes, gasoline and diesel fuel are more than twice as expensive in most European countries as in the United States. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the law of demand, Europeans should buy less gasoline than Americans, and they do: Europeans consume less than half as much fuel as Americans, mainly because they drive smaller cars with better mileage. $8 7 6 United Kingdom Italy France Spain ? 5 4 3 Japan Canada United States 0. 2 0. 6 1. 0 1. 4 0 Consumption of gasoline (gallons per day per capita) 6 of 42 An Increase in Demand ? ? An increase in the population and other factors generate an increase in demand ââ¬â a rise in the quantity demanded at any given price. This is represented by the two demand schedules one showing demand in 2002, before the rise in population, the other showing demand in 2006, after the rise in population. Demand Schedules for Coffee Beans Quantity of coffee beans demanded (billions of pounds) Price of coffee beans (per pound) in 2002 in 2006 $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 7. 1 7. 5 8. 1 8. 9 10. 0 11. 5 14. 2 8. 5 9. 0 9. 7 10. 7 12. 0 13. 8 17. 0 7 of 42 An Increase in Demand Price of coffee beans (per gallon) $2. 00 Increase in population ? more coffee drinkers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 Demand curve in 2006 Demand curve in 2002 7 9 11 13 D 1 D 17 2 15 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A shift of the demand curve is a change in the quantity demanded at any given price, represented by the change of the original demand curve to a new position, denoted by a new demand curve. 8 of 42 Movement Along the Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per gallon) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 A C â⬠¦ is not the same thing as a movement along the demand curve B A shift of the demand curveâ⬠¦ A movement along the demand curve is a change in the quantity demanded of a good that is the result of a change in that goodââ¬â¢s price. 1. 00 0. 75 . 50 D 7 8. 1 9. 7 10 13 1 D 17 2 0 15 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 9 of 42 Shifts of the Demand Curve Price Increase in demand An ââ¬Å"increase in demandâ⬠A ââ¬Å"decrease in demandâ⬠, means a leftward shift of rightward shift of the demand curve: at any given price, consumers demand a smaller quantity larger quantity than before. (D1? D3) (D1? D2) Decrease in demand D 3 D 1 D 2 Quantity 10 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in the Prices of Related Goods ? Substitutes: Two goods are substitutes if a fall in the price of one of the goods makes consumers less willing to buy the other good. Complements: Two goods are complements if a fall in the price of one good makes people more willing to buy the other good. ? 11 of 42 What Causes a Demand Curve to Shift? ? Changes in Income ? ? Normal Goods: When a rise in income increases the demand for a good the normal case we say that the good is a normal good. Inferior Goods: When a rise in income decreases the demand for a good, it is an inferior good. ? ? Changes in Tastes Changes in Expectations 12 of 42 Individual Demand Curve and the Market Demand Curve The market demand curve is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves of all consumers in that market. (a) (b) (c) Darlaââ¬â¢s Individual Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Price of coffee beans (per pound) Dinoââ¬â¢s Individual Demand Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Market Demand Curve $2 $2 $2 DMarket 1 1 1 DDarla DDino 0 20 30 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 10 20 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 30 40 50 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 13 of 42 Supply Schedule ? A supply schedule shows how much of a good or service would be supplied at different prices. Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans Price of coffee beans (per pound) Quantity of coffee beans supplied (billions of pounds) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 11. 6 11. 5 11. 2 10. 7 10. 0 9. 1 8. 0 14 of 42 Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply curve, S $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 9 11 13 A supply curve shows graphically how much of a good or service people are willing to sell at any given price. As price rises, the quantity supplied rises. 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 15 of 42 An Increase in Supply ? ? The entry of Vietnam Supply Schedule for Coffee Beans into the coffee bean Quantity of beans supplied Price of business generated coffee beans (billions of pounds) an increase in (per pound) Before entry After entry supplyââ¬âa rise in the quantity supplied at $2. 00 11. 6 13. 9 any given price. 1. 75 11. 5 13. 8 This event is 1. 50 11. 2 13. 4 represented by the 1. 25 10. 7 12. 8 two supply schedulesââ¬âone 1. 00 10. 0 12. 0 showing supply before 0. 75 9. 1 10. 9 Vietnamââ¬â¢s entry, the 0. 50 8. 0 9. 6 other showing supply after Vietnam came in. 16 of 42 An Increase in Supply Price of coffee beans (per pound) S $2. 0 1 S 2 Vietnam enters coffee bean business ? more coffee producers 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 A movement along the supply curveâ⬠¦ â⬠¦ is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve 9 11 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A shift of the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good at any given pric e. 17 of 42 Movement Along the Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 0. 50 0 7 10 11. 2 12 A C â⬠¦ is not the same thing as a shift of the supply curve 15 17 A movement along the supply curveâ⬠¦ S 1 S 2 B Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) A movement along the supply curve is a change in the quantity supplied of a good that is the result of a change in that goodââ¬â¢s price. 18 of 42 Shifts of the Supply Curve Price S 3 S 1 S 2 Increase in supply Any ââ¬Å"increase in ââ¬Å"decrease in supplyâ⬠means a leftward shift of the rightward shift of the supply curve: at any given price, there is an a decrease in the increase in the quantity supplied. (S1? S2) S3) Decrease in supply Quantity 19 of 42 What Causes a Supply Curve to Shift? ? ? ? ? ? Changes in input prices ? An input is a good that is used to produce another good. Changes in the prices of related goods and services Changes in technology Changes in expectations Changes in the number of producers 20 of 42 Individual Supply Curve and the Market Supply Curve The market supply curve is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves of all firms in that market. (a) Price of coffee beans (per pound) (b) Price of coffee beans (per pound) (c) Market Supply Curve Price of coffee beans (per pound) Mr. Figueroaââ¬â¢s Individual Supply Curve SFigueroa Mr. Bien Phoââ¬â¢s Individual Supply Curve S Pho Bien $2 $2 $2 S Market 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) Quantity of coffee beans (pounds) 21 of 42 Supply, Demand and Equilibrium ? Equilibrium in a competitive market: when the quantity demanded of a good equals the quantity supplied of that good. The price at which this takes place is the equilibrium price (a. k. a. market-clearing price): ? ? Every buyer finds a seller and vice versa. The quantity of the good bought and sold at that price is the equilibrium quantity. ? 22 of 42 Market Equilibrium Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply 2. 00 1. 75 1. 50 1. 25 Market equilibrium occurs at point E, where the supply curve and the demand curve intersect. Equilibrium price 1. 00 0. 75 E Equilibrium 0. 50 0 7 10 Equilibrium quantity 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 23 of 42 Surplus Price of coffee beans (per pound) Supply $2. 00 1. 75 Surplus 1. 50 1. 25 1. 00 0. 75 E There is a surplus of a good when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. Surpluses occur when the price is above its equilibrium level. 0. 50 0 7 8. 1 10 11. 2 13 Demand 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) Quantity demanded Quantity supplied 24 of 42 Shortage Price of coffee beans (per pound) $2. 00 1. 75 Supply 1. 50 1. 25 There is a shortage of a good when the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. Shortages occur when the price is below its equilibrium level. 1. 00 0. 75 E 0. 50 0 7 9. 1 Shortage Demand 13 15 17 Quantity of coffee beans (billions of pounds) 10 11. 5 Quantity supplied Quantity demanded 25 of 42 >ECONOMICS IN ACTION The Price of Admission: â⬠¢ Compare the box office price for a recent Justin Timberlake concert in Miami, Florida, to the StubHub. com price for seats in the same location: $88. 0 versus $155. â⬠¢ Why is there such a big difference in prices? For major events, buying tickets from the box office means waiting in very long lines. Ticket buyers who use Internet resellers have decided that the opportunity cost of their time is too high to spend waiting in line. For those major events with online box offices selling tickets at face value, tick ets often sell out within minutes. â⬠¢ In this case, some people who want to go to the concert badly but have missed out on the opportunity to buy cheaper tickets from the online box office are willing to pay the higher Internet reseller price. 6 of 42 Equilibrium and Shifts of the Demand Curve Price of coffee beans An increase in demandâ⬠¦ Supply E P 2 2 Price rises E P 1 1 â⬠¦ leads to a movement along the supply curve due to a higher equilibrium price and higher equilibrium quantity D 2 D 1 Q 1 Q 2 Quantity of coffee beans Quantity rises 27 of 42 Equilibrium and Shifts of the Supply Curve Price of coffee beans S 2 S 1 A decrease in supplyâ⬠¦ P Price rises E 2 2 â⬠¦ leads to a movement along the demand curve due to a higher equilibrium price and lower equilibrium quantity P 1 E1 Demand Q 2 Q 1 Quantity of coffee beans Quantity falls 28 of 42 Technology Shifts of the Supply Curve Price An increase in supply â⬠¦ S1 S2 â⬠¦ leads to a movement along the demand curve to a lower equilibrium price and higher equilibrium quantity. E1 Price falls P1 P2 E2 Technological innovation: In the early 1970s, engineers learned how to put microscopic electronic components onto a silicon chip; progress in the technique has allowed ever more components to be put on each chip. Demand Q 1 Q 2 Quantity Quantity increases 29 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand (a) One possible outcome: Price Rises, Quantity Rises Price of coffee Small decrease in supply S 2 S 1 E P 2 2 The opposing forces Two increase in demand dominates the determining the decrease in supply. equilibrium quantity. E P 1 1 D D 1 Large increase in demand Q 1 Q2 2 Quantity of coffee 30 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand (b) Another Possibility Outcome: Price Rises, Quantity Falls Price of coffee Large decrease in supply S 2 S 1 E P 2 2 Two opposing forces determining the equilibrium quantity. E P 1 1 Small increase in demand D D 2 1 Q 2 Q 1 Quantity of coffee 31 of 42 Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand We can make the following predictions about the outcome when the supply and demand curves shift simultaneously: Simultaneous Shifts of Supply and Demand Demand Increases Demand Decreases Supply Increases Supply Decreases Price: ambiguous Quantity: up Price: up Quantity: ambiguous Price: down Price: ambiguous Quantity: ambiguous Quantity: down 32 of 42 FOR INQUIRING MINDS Your Turn on the Runway: An Exercise of Supply, Demand and Supermodels ? The ease of transmitting photos over the Internet and the relatively low cost of international travel ? beautiful young women from all over the world, eagerly trying to make it as models = influx of aspiring models from around the world In addition the tastes of many of those who hire models have changed ? hey prefer celebrities What happened to the equilibrium price of a young (not a celebrity) fashion model? Use your supply and demand curves to determine the salaries of ââ¬Å"Americaââ¬â¢s Next Best Modelsâ⬠â⬠¦ 33 of 42 ? ? FOR INQUIRING MINDS Another Example: Supply, Demand and Controlled Substances Price S2 S1 E2 P2 Price rises P1 E1 Howe ver, we can see The equilibrium by comparing the price has risen from original equilibrium E1 P1 to P2, and this with ââ¬Å"war on The the new drugsâ⬠induces suppliers to equilibrium E2 that the provide drugs shifts the supply actual reduction in the despite the left. curve tothe risks. uantity of drugs supplied is much smaller than the shift of the supply curve. Demand Q2 Q1 Quantity Quantity falls 34 of 42 >ECONOMICS IN ACTION The Great Tortilla Crises: â⬠¢ A sharp rise in the price of tortillas, a staple food of Mexicoââ¬â¢s poor, which had gone from 25 cents a pound to between 35 and 45 cents a pound in just a few months in early 2007. Why were tortilla prices soaring? â⬠¢ It was a classic example of what happens to equilibrium prices when supply falls. Tortillas are made from corn; much of Mexicoââ¬â¢s corn is imported from the United States, with the price of corn in both countries basically set in the U. S. corn market. And U. S. corn prices were rising rapidly thanks to surging demand in a new market: the market for ethanol. 35 of 42 Demand and Supply Shifts at Work in the Global Economy ? A recent drought in Australia reduced the amount of grass on which Australian dairy cows could feed, thus limiting the amount of milk these cows produced for export. At the same time, a new tax levied by the government of Argentina raised the price of the milk the country exported, thereby decreasing Argentine milk sales worldwide. These two developments produced a supply shortage in the world market, which dairy farmers in Europe couldnââ¬â¢t fill because of strict production quotas set by the European Union. ? ? 36 of 42 Demand and Supply Shifts at Work in the Global Economy ? In China, meanwhile, demand for milk and milk products increased, as rising income levels drove higher per-capita consumption. All these occurrences resulted in a strong upward pressure on the price of milk everywhere in 2007. ? 37 of 42 SUMMARY 1. The supply and demand model illustrates how a competitive market works. 2. The demand schedule shows the quantity demanded at each price and is represented graphically by a demand curve. The law of demand says that demand curves slope downward. 3. A movement along the demand curve occurs when a price change leads to a change in the quantity demanded. When economists talk of increasing or decreasing demand, they mean shifts of the demand curveââ¬âa change in the quantity demanded at any given price. 38 of 42 SUMMARY 4. There are five main factors that shift the demand curve: â⬠¢ A change in the prices of related goods or services â⬠¢ A change in income â⬠¢ A hange in tastes â⬠¢ A change in expectations â⬠¢ A change in the number of consumers 5. The market demand curve for a good or service is the horizontal sum of the individual demand curves of all consumers in the market. 6. The supply schedule shows the quantity supplied at each price and is represented graphically by a supply curve. Supply curves usually slope upward. 39 of 42 SUM MARY 7. A movement along the supply curve occurs when a price change leads to a change in the quantity supplied. When economists talk of increasing or decreasing supply, they mean shifts of the supply curveââ¬âa change in the quantity supplied at any given price. 8. There are five main factors that shift the supply curve: â⬠¢ A change in input prices â⬠¢ A change in the prices of related goods and services â⬠¢ A change in technology â⬠¢ A change in expectations â⬠¢ A change in the number of producers 9. The market supply curve for a good or service is the horizontal sum of the individual supply curves of all producers in the market. 40 of 42 SUMMARY 10. The supply and demand model is based on the principle that the price in a market moves to its equilibrium price, or market-clearing price, the price at which the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. This quantity is the equilibrium quantity. When the price is above its market-clearing level, there is a surplus that pushes the price down. When the price is below its market-clearing level, there is a shortage that pushes the price up. 11. An increase in demand increases both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity; a decrease in demand has the opposite effect. An increase in supply reduces the equilibrium price and increases the equilibrium quantity; a decrease in supply has the opposite effect. 12. Shifts of the demand curve and the supply curve can happen simultaneously. 41 of 42 The End of Chapter 3 Coming attraction Chapter 4: The Market Strikes Back 42 of 42 charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-15137075539638443992019-11-25T09:07:00.001-08:002019-11-25T09:07:04.881-08:00Astrophil and Stella Essay ExampleAstrophil and Stella Essay Example Astrophil and Stella Paper Astrophil and Stella Paper Breaking Free of Convention: Sir Philip Sidney In his sonnet, Strophic and Stella, Sir Phillip Sidney attempts to break free of the conventional displays of love while still maintaining a conventional sonnet form to represent that love does not follow any rules. The poem itself is a metaphor of love, infused with drama and passion that ultimately ruins the relationship. However, to stay within the confines of a sonnet from allows love, an uncontrollable force, to be controlled. Sidney wants to follow the form of a sonnet, but he makes the epic poem is own by infusing it with his own voice, and his own conventions about love. He does this to make the poem more real to readers. It is not a poem of courtly love, where marriage ensued for politics. Instead this epic poem demonstrates real love, and all the trials and tribulations that come with loving another, especially another who is involved with someone else. First, Sidney breaks free of convention with his first sonnet in the sequence. Kidneys way of completely disregarding the ways of displaying love accepted in his time era makes him stand out as a renaissance writer. Sir Philip Kidneys entire first sonnet is a great example of his unconventional style. The entire sonnet is forced forward, and it seems that Strophic does not know how to start to describe his love for Stella. He does not want to use the clickà ©s of the time to describe his love. In the beginning of the sonnet, he is hopeful that Stella could give him her grace which the audience understands to be her love. However, as the sonnet continues, he gets more and more frustrated, unsure of what he should write. He looks to his muse for some help to which she replies, Fool, look in thy heart and rite(1085). Readers see that all regular conventions of love and poetry are not in this poem. Sidney paints the picture of this epic poem being raw and real love, and not full of clickà ©s associated with Patriarchs poems. Many poems following Perpetrates form used sonnets as a way to flatter the beloved, as discussed earlier. The readers can clearly see that Strophic thinks of Stella as beautiful. However, the audience never receives a full description of her. Usually, poets would write on in great detail about the body and face of the beloved, but the readers only see a half- rated description of Stella in the conventional way. Furthermore, Stalls eyes are black. This breaks free of convention because most poets described a womans eyes as light. Sidney also uses his description of Stella when he writes of her grace. In sonnet 9, he writes, The door, by which sometimes comes forth her grace(1086), meaning that the grace that comes from her mouth, or when she speaks, is sometimes graceful. He flatters her, but completely when he uses sometimes. Not only does he use unconventional descriptions of Stella, Sidney also uses unlikely drama in his poem. Most displays of love in the time period were sweet, and flattering to the beloved. Instead, Sidney infuses his poetry with drama. Sidney paints Astrophysics situation as a life or death situation. The audience sees this in sonnet 20 when Sidney writes, Fly, fly, my friends, I have my death-wound fly'(1088). The line illustrates that Sidney uses drama in his epic poem. Here, he talks about love as a death wound, with no hope of recovery. He does this to make Astrophysics love more real and raw to readers. Another example of drama in the poem can be found at the The readers see her true anger and disdain for Strophic. She is appalled that he would continue in his attentions even while she has begged him not to do so. Finally, she dismisses him forever. Strophic ends the sonnet alone and empty without Stalls presence. Sidney hopes to portray how it feels to be rejected, and abandoned. The readers understand that Strophic is devastated, simply because Stella rejected him because of her marriage. Another way Sidney disregarding the traditional way of showing love in his poem is Astrophysics clear desire for sex with Stella. He obsesses over her, calling her face a Queen Virtues court, decorated by Natures chiefs furniture(1086). Furthermore, Strophic believes that if Stella were to have sex with him, she would surely love him. The readers see this in sonnet 61 when Strophic says, With chastened mind I straight must she that she Shall quickly me from what she hates remove(1095). This quote simply put, Strophic believes that although Stella hates the desire he has for her, if they were to have sex, she would no longer hate the desire he has to have sex. When he steals a kiss from here while she was sleeping, Sidney portrays the kiss as a sort of rape. Strophic let he desire get the best of him, and ruined his love with Stella. The desire is not unconventional, as all love poetry possess some element of desire of the beloved. However, how Sidney portrays this desire is unconventional. He makes the yearning for Stella seem personal, and like a confession. Strophic knows the consequences of how his love may react to this betrayal of his trust, but he does it anyway. Stella is furious and ends her affair with Strophic for the sake of her marriage. Although he tries to break free of many conventional ideas about love, Sidney still follows Patriarchs form of sonnets. He uses the trials and tribulations of being a lover, Strophic experiences setbacks, and suffers at the hands of his lover. He shows the contradicting faces of love. For example, Strophic has hope that Stella will love him but despairs when she does not. Strophic also has unbelievable tenderness towards Stella, but when she rejects him he is quick to resent her. In sonnet 18, Sidney lists all of the things that Strophic has wasted because of his love for Stella. Strophic lists his wealth, his wit, his youth, and his knowledge as wasteful towards the cause of paving Stella when he has only gained sorrow from loving her. The audience clearly sees this bitterness in this sonnet. However, Sidney uses desire and morals associated with love as the biggest contradiction. It is clear that Strophic has a strong desire for Stella, and he wishes to consummate this desire with her. However, the morals of the time do not allow him to do so. Stella is married, and does not wish to move Astrophysics love further along than being a platonic, friendly love. In conclusion, in the epic poem, Strophic and Stella, Sir Philip Sidney attempts to reek free of the conventional way of displaying love while still trying maintain a conventional sonnet. This unconventional style can be found in the first sonnet of the epic poem, his description of Stella, the high drama, and the persistent desire exhibited by Strophic that causes the relationship to end. However, he does try to maintain some form of a sonnet similar to the Italian, Patriarch, and he also follows some conventional ideas of love proposed by Andrew Capsules. Sidney found ways to change Patriarchs form of a sonnet to make a name for himself in Renaissance writings. charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-85981175877491260502019-11-21T16:31:00.001-08:002019-11-21T16:31:03.803-08:00Attitudes to students misbehavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsAttitudes to students misbehavior - Essay Example The report would investigate the studentsââ¬â¢ increasing behavioral problems through literature review and interviews of parents, teachers, pre-service teachers and non teaching friends. The interviewees broadly comprised of a father (P), a high school teacher (HT), two pre-service teachers (PT1 & PT2) and two non teaching friends (NF1 & NF2). The interviews were conducted under neutral environment where they were asked to respond on two questions: 1) Why students misbehave in classroom and outside of classroom and 2) what can teachers and school do to address studentsââ¬â¢ misbehaviour? The questions generated wide ranging themes encompassing parenting, home life, class management, discipline, boredom in classroom, lack of understanding across cross cultural segment of students etc. ADHD, learning disability etc were also issues that were raised. The report would be evaluating the findings of the interviews and efforts would be made to analyze the same with inputs from the literature reviews. The report would be adhering to the wider implications of students-teachers relationship and the teaching tools that could be used to address studentsââ¬â¢ behavioral pro blems. Parenting and home life have emerged as one of the major factors for the misbehavior of the students. All the six interviewees have reiterated that parents have little control over their children and bad parenting allows the children to misbehave with impunity inside and outside the school. As P says ââ¬ËParents make less clear boundaries about what kids are allowed to do and what not allowed to do. charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-36615207076230088672019-11-20T15:30:00.001-08:002019-11-20T15:30:06.940-08:00Diversion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsDiversion - Assignment Example Apart from ensuring basic fairness in the application of criminal law, diversion has also had the effect of increasing the efficiency of the system by freeing up resources that can then be directed to more serious legal issues. It also has resulted, in many cases in a great deal of cost savings for the stretched budgets of many criminal justice departments throughout the country. Introduction Diversion is the conditional changing or suspension before the conviction of formal criminal proceedings against a person, in return for which the defendant performs certain agreed activities such as restitution, community service or undergoing treatment options. This process, when successfully completed, results not only in the stopping of the conviction for the crime but also in the expunging of the criminal incident from public records or the sealing of the record. In other instances it may also lead to a reduction of a sentence. Diversion offers an opportunity to provide a more comprehensive and efficient approach to managing the defendants flowing into the system and the utilization of court resources by determining which type of case intervention is most appropriate for any given case (National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies, 2008). 1. There are various reasons that have been advanced for diversion as provided for in United States law. One reason is that it allows for the management of not just the crime but the underlying cause of the reported criminal behavior. Except for a few cases, diversion is primarily applied to first-time offenders, and in a majority of the cases, these are usually juvenile offenders. A lot of the times that these offenders are brought to court for minor charges that are usually related to the kind of environment they are brought up in, depending on the nature of the charges. Mino drug possession offenses, such as possession of small amounts of marijuana are some of the offenses that qualify for diversion (Steadman & Naples, 2005) . In many cases such as these, the offenders are not only given an opportunity to confess their crimes, they are also given a chance to have their criminal record wiped clean, as long as they participate in an educational program on the dangers of drug use and drug possession. Diversion requirements may include making restitution to any victims of a crime, attending an educational program and performing community service or any combination of these. In a majority of these cases, the fact that the offenders have been offered a ââ¬Å"second chanceâ⬠has been known to be enough of a caution to ensure that the criminal behavior does not occur again (Steadman & Naples, 2005). The other reason that diversion is used is because in some of the cases, the criminal behavior is caused by underlying mental and psychological disorders, which are better dealt with through treatment than through incarceration. It is estimated that up to seven percent of all persons charged with criminal offe nses and imprisoned have some form or degree of mental or social disorder which is usually the underlying cause or trigger for the crime. Studies have shown that a large majority of these cases suffer from mood disorders and schizophrenia, with most of the patients (two out of three) being female. Studies have also shown that diversion improves the quality of life in cases of offenders who undergo treatment programs rather than incarceration (Steadman & Naples, 2005). A third reason why diversion is used charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-44337082882314891622019-11-18T13:21:00.001-08:002019-11-18T13:21:03.246-08:00Airport Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsAirport - Article Example Airports receive their financial support from the general airport revenue bonds and state grants. However, they also rely on businesses and passengers using the airport. Additionally, the shippers also contribute immensely towards their success in meeting the operating expenses. The funds contribute to its airport successive running. Development has also played a significant role towards reducing aircraft pollutions. For instance, it has led to the production of new designs of airframes that reduce the noise created when a plane or jet displaces air when moving at high speed. Engine manufacturers have also managed to come with engines with reduced velocity of engine exhaust. Additionally, advancement in technology has also led to the replacement of the oldest and noisiest with new quieter technology. Since airports look like small cities, their organization is just like that of a small city. It has departments for purchasing, finance, personnel, and public relations. Additionally, they have fire department that handles fire tragedies. Airport departments enhance the success of activities in airside and groundside capacities. Development of the airport relies on the funds collected. These departments enable air transport to be charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-78596340049364425452019-11-16T01:53:00.001-08:002019-11-16T01:53:07.190-08:00Merger Management of Kraft and CadburyMerger Management of Kraft and Cadbury Nowadays, organisations must actively develop and adapt appropriate changes that fit the dynamic environment. This highlights the importance of change management in judging how flexible and responsive an organisation is. As more companies expand and diversify, it is inevitable that smaller organisations are now looking into merger with bigger organisations to boost their share of their market. Bigger organisations are also attracted by the opportunities of entering untapped emerging markets. Therefore, the nature of change that we will be investigating in this report is merger and acquisition (MA). We will relate this change to USs Kraft Foods Incorporated, as the company recently acquired UKs Cadbury. The issues we have selected to focus on are in the following order: leadership and communication, cultural change, and staff resistance. Leadership is chosen because leadership is critical to determine the success of an acquisition. Firstly, due to the huge number of employees involved, the choice of an appropriate leadership style is vital to ensure integration in both companies is a smooth process. Next, an effective leadership will improve the productivity of both companies through the efficient allocation of resources to achieve the organizational strategic goals. Communication is chosen because the acquisition will raise doubts among Cadburys employees on their roles in the new company and its vision and goals. The feeling of uncertainty about their future could lead to a dip in their morale and low productivity at work. Thus, it is essential for Kraft to use an appropriate communication strategy to increase the awareness of the employees of any impending change initiatives. Culture is chosen because of the diverse cultures between Kraft and Cadbury. Cadbury was founded on Quaker ethics to build a socially benign business. This philosophy helped Cadbury to build a world-class brand that is close to the hearts of the British people. In contrast, Kraft is more of a performance driven company with decades of profit driven mergers and demergers. Thus, it is essential for Kraft to identify and value the cultural differences as sources of synergy and efficiency in order to manage the acquisition process effectively. Staff resistance is chosen because management and employees made up the core structure of the organisation. The policies undertaken by these personnel and behaviour exhibited can have an immediate and vital impact on determining how organisation functions. In the horizontal acquisition of Cadbury, Kraft must also be able to seek equilibrium for integrating the staff from both sets of organisation. Conflicts at management levels, diverse working styles and even motivational approaches are some situations that may hinder and pose challenges. Before implementing any change initiatives, we recommend Kraft to conduct diagnosis of the three issues mentioned above. 2.0 Leadership and Communication 2.1 Definition of Leadership Koontz and ODonnell (1955, pg 17) the activity of persuading people to cooperate in the achievement of a common objective 2.1.1 Adairs Action Centred Leadership Duberly (2010) Adairs Action Centred Leadership model points out that a leader can only be successful when he is able to meet all three areas of needs task, individual and team maintenance needs- by helping his followers achieve the objectives of the common tasks, generate team dynamics and cater to the individuals needs. 2.1.2 Case-Study Rebecca Johnson (2008) The case study of Refresh Yourself illustrates Britvics use of Adairs action centred leadership to revive their company. For meeting task needs, the use of the balanced scorecard system with job descriptions provided their employees with a clearer understanding of their duties and responsibilities. With that, it helped to set the direction for employees to achieve their objectives. For meeting individual needs, the use of a performance management system with a core set of behaviours allows the employees to know how effectively they are performing relative to expectations. With a performance-based rewards system, Britvic motivated their employees by rewarding them accordingly as a form of recognition. For meeting team maintenance needs, a workshop session was conducted for the leaders of Britvic to reflect on their leadership. The insights gained proved to be very beneficial to them in their role as a leader as survey results showed that the employee engagement increased from 55% to 70% and employees confidence in leadership leapt to 72%. 2.1.3 Recommendations For meeting task needs, Kraft needs to provide a detailed road map which includes specific and clear goals, a detailed approach for achieving these goals, and a list of resources and time required to reach these goals. With that, Kraft and Cadbury can identify common goals so that the employees from both companies can work together on common projects in order for a smooth integration to occur. In the case of Kraft, the closure of Cadburys Somerdale plant led to a loss of 400 jobs. This caused the Cadburys employees morale to decline as they were fearful of further jobs losses. More importantly, this caused a loss of trust in the leadership of the organisation. Thus, Kraft should make a pledge to them that there will be no further job losses and factory closures to assure them of their job security. This form of assurance will restore their morale and bring about greater productivity within the team to meet the team maintenance needs. For meeting individual needs, Kraft should acknowledge employees achievements by offering rewards to keep them motivated. The rewards can be offered in the form of the cafeteria rewards system which offers employees the ability to choose a combination of benefits that best suit their needs. 2.1.4 Transformational Leadership Bass, B. M. (1990) There are four factors which make up a transformational leader, namely, charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation and individualized attention. Firstly, a transformational leader exudes charisma and instils pride in employees within the organisation. He creates vision to guide his followers and as engines of change within the organisation. They are deemed as role models. Secondly, a transformational leader communicates optimism about future goals to inspire his followers. Thirdly, he uses intellectual stimulation which encourages innovation and creativity in approaches towards identifying and solving problems. Lastly, he shows individualized attention by addressing his followers concerns and providing them with training for self-development. 2.1.5 Case-Study Catherine Monthienvichienchai (2007) The case study of Korea Ladder illustrates how Jonathan Cormack took on the role of a transformational leader. He united the two organisations behind a shared vision to inspire his employees. They were placed in groups for a discussion to help them realise the shared vision. He also fostered workplace creativity by conducting workshop sessions which were not a common practice in a Korean workforce. It was used as a form of intellectual stimulation to instil a sense of belonging in the employees. The positive feedback received from the employees proved that it was a success. He showed individualized consideration for the staff when he convinced the union that the foreign executives should not be removed as their experience and strengths possessed were essential to bring the bank to the next level. 2.1.6 Recommendations As the acquirer, Kraft needs to unite the two companies under one vision by offering communication programs that support the shared vision. The programs can be in the form of workshop sessions which creates a participative environment to foster a sense of belonging and involvement among employees. This environment would enable Kraft and the employees to work out a mutually satisfying outcome (i.e. a win-win situation). Next, Kraft must work at gaining the trust and respect of Cadburys employees to prevent the defection of talented people. Kraft can do so by bringing talents from both organisations together to work jointly on projects. This will encourage employees to focus on their similarities rather than their differences.The organisations various departments need to be restructured and processes must be redesigned to align with Krafts vision. 2.2. Communication 2.2.1 Definition of Communication Newman Summer (1977, pg 12) Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons. Communication Process Duberly (2010) Communication begins when the transmitter encodes a message to convey an idea, the receiver then decodes the message to achieve understanding. The context of a message refers to the non verbal cues conveyed by the transmitter to the receiver. The perceptual filter actually influences the way the message is transmitted. It ends with the receiver providing feedback to the transmitter to evaluate the effectiveness of the message. For effective communication on change, we will focus on three communication strategies. Firstly, spray and pray is used when employees are showered with a wide variety of information, and managers pray that staff will pick up what is needed to be done. Secondly, tell and sell is used when management attempts to both inform employees on changes and sell them on why they are required to the passive employees. Lastly, underscore and explore is used when management engages employees in a dialogue about the change process and seeks to identify obstacles and the misunderstandings that need to be addressed. Lastly, withhold and uphold is used when information is withheld until it is absolutely necessary to release it. 2.2.2 Case-Study Sarah Butcher (2005) The case city of Recovery plan illustrated the use of tell and sell as a communication strategy to persuade the bankers at Citigroup to be receptive to the new performance appraisal and compensation system. With regards to the revised compensation system, Citigroup need to sell to their bankers the idea that bonus payout will not be solely based on reaching financial targets but also dependent upon comprehensible understanding of the shared responsibilities. Another communication strategy adopted by Citigroup was spray and pray in educating their employees on the ethics and the banks code of conduct. It is a top down and one way communicating approach as the responsibility of communicating the acquired knowledge to the rest of the employees falls on the shoulder of 3000 senior employees at Citigroup. 2.2.3 Recommendations For effective communication, Kraft can adopt the underscore and explore method whereby they conduct a transparent and truthful dialogue with the employees to address the differences in culture and to identify any constraints for the change to be implemented. Kraft can also go beyond reassuring the Cadbury employees of their motive regarding the closure of the Somerdale plant. Since this is a two-way communicating process, the feedback generated from the active employees will be useful in resolving misunderstandings and build consensus on key issues. Kraft has to be cautious especially when dealing with redundancies. The communications, compensations, and benefits for redundant workers need to be clear and direct so as to build trust and commitment. In addition, they should also take a closer look at the effects of survivors (remaining workers) who suffered from low morale and decreasing commitment, trust and loyalty towards the organisation after the merger. Kraft can being by educating and persuading survivors of their good intentions by accounting personally for their action. On the other hand, the survivors need to be informed of their specific job roles and entitlements. Unless companies try to deal with this survivor syndrome by demonstrating to the remaining employees that the process for determining redundancies was transparent and professional, and those made redundant were treated fairly and lawfully, the general productivity and morale are less likely to be affected adversely. 3.0 Cultural change 3.1 Definition of Culture Drennan (1992) defined organisational culture as, Culture is how things are done around here. It is what is typical of the organisation, the habits, the prevailing attitudes, the grown-up pattern of accepted and expected behaviour. And as aptly phrased, culture is the key factor for making or breaking a merger and acquisition dealÃâà . (Accenture, 2000) 3.1.1 Understanding Organisational Culture To better understand organisational culture, different methods are used, one being the Onion skin (Duberley 2010, modified from Schein 1992, 2004) Schein suggests three levels to organisational Ãâà structure: artefacts (e.g. language, environment, rituals), espoused values (organisations strategies, goals, philosophies) and basic underlying assumptions level (subconscious perceptions, thoughts and feelings that are the ultimate source of values and actions). Onion Skin (modified from Schein) 3.1.2 Sources of Organisational Culture The founder, organisational history, industry and size of the organisation impact its culture. (Duberley, 2010) Organisational culture is also reflected by national cultures and professional subcultures. (Hofstede, 1981) 3.1.3 Influence of National Culture The difference in various elements of a country such as languages, laws, values and attitudes will lead to one nations culture diverging significantly from another (Hofstede, 1980; Tayeb, 1989; Wilson, 1992) As an example of national culture, Adler (1997) describes Americans strong individualistic tendencies evidenced in their language such as trounced the opposition, and their human resource management based on individual knowledge and skills. (Calori and De Woot, 1994; Hemel Hempstead: A European Management Model Beyond Diversity), we understand that though organisational culture in the United Kingdom has similarities with the United States, certain significant differences include the adversarial relationships with labour, the tradition of the manager as a gifted amateur (as opposed to the professionalism of US managers) and the influence of class differences in the firm. 3.1.4 Cadburys and Krafts Culture Cadburys culture stems from its founder of Quaker origins: a paternalistic and philanthropic culture, which also focuses on the well being of groups rather than the individual. This translates to the idea that the leader knowing what is best for the organisation and its followers: (i.e. leaders as expert father figures). Cadburys culture of principled capitalism is what makes Cadbury great and it has successfully built a socially benign business. Cadbury has a loyal workforce that consists of staff and managers who have been in the organisation for a long period. Cadbury has a long tradition of high quality production and most of its factories make use of its local community, thereby ensuring that the brand itself is close to the hearts of locals. What this translates to is a family orientated and communal working atmosphere where staff takes strong pride in their work. Krafts culture is more performance oriented and is more focused on the meeting of sales and performance goals. Kraft is the quintessential traditional multinational business firm. There is a mercenary culture present; most staff and managers perform in relation to the rewards they get. Most rewards they expect are material and on an individual basis. Furthermore, Kraft is very much interested in destroying competition and seeks many alternatives and ways to ensure they are always ahead of competitors. Krafts culture is less communal and the working atmosphere is unlike a family atmosphere, in that people view each other as merely working colleagues and do not share deep friendships with one another. Staff and managers in Kraft are productive and focused in their work and most of them have a passion for business. 3.1.5 Potential of Post-Acquisition Culture Clash The acquisition will damage Cadburys current culture as the striking differences between Cadbury and Krafts culture may damage Cadbury existing successful culture of principled capitalism. This would bring about lower morale and performance and de-motivated staff. Krafts competitive and goal orientated culture might cause staff burn out amongst the Cadbury employees as they may feel insecure and uncertain. Krafts mercenary culture may create a lack of trust, which will weaken Cadbury staffs strong loyalty. By joining an American company, Cadbury risks losing UK benefits schemes to American procedures. Also, consumers may feel betrayed by the loss of its original organisational goals, resulting in a weakened brand. However, one advantage is that Cadburys shareholders will profit through the acquisition with the worlds second largest food manufacturing company. 3.1.6 Case-Study (Quote your Reference)SCB (an America-originated company) acquired and merged with KFB. SCB was successful with the merging of cultures due to effective communication, the understanding of the differences in cultures and the understanding that If you dont stretch things at all then nothing will change, but if you stretch things too far or too fast youll leave people behind. The approaches SCB used were the Conciliative, Educative and Corrosive approach, evidenced in the heavy use of consultation, training and use of networking. With this, they successfully overcame problems of national culture and cultural change such as: over-enthusiastic labour unions and differences in management styles, to name a few. What Kraft and Cadbury can learn from this is the importance of communication and flexibility in the use of approaches. 3.1.7 Recommendations Because culture is an essential element in an organisation, culture analysis should play a major role in an acquisition. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis exists in corporate culture: visual artefacts or manifestations of the organisation, the espoused values and basic assumptions (The Onion skin model) of the organisation have to be properly evaluated. This is essential to better understand the Krafts inner-workings and most importantly, its employees and their feelings toward the acquistion. The difference in national cultures of a UK in comparison to US organisation also impacts organisations greatly. Thus, Kraft should exercise patience and understanding to ensure that culture change is implemented and not resisted. (Whittle et al (1991:3) We understand that culture change is not a single event but an ongoing sequence of changes. Flexibility is important, as different stages of the change program may require appropriate approaches. 4.0 Resistance and Resentment Felt by Cadbury Employees 4.1 Definition of Individual and Change We will be illustrating the definition using case-study of the acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft. The process involves organisation undergoing a transformative change. This is so as the nature of change is large-scale and fundamental. At the same time, the effect is permanent and can be observed in the long-run. This issue raises the question of uncertainty which in turn, brought about greater anxiety. According to Schein E. et al. elaboration on Kurt Lewins(1951) Three-Step Model, anxiety can be broken down to two major forms survival and learned anxiety. The former pushes for change while the latter obstructs change. In order to integrate the change, Scheins theories suggest an inclination towards minimizing the learning anxieties. Generally, there are three areas we will be investigating with regards to the case-study. Firstly, the consideration of parochial self-interest which will need us to look into how the various groups in organisation will react upon their immediate interests in the company. With a likely shift in management, Cadbury staff will be reassigned to new job roles and positions in Kraft Inc. this may affect the individuals and probably also management. A possible reshuffling of manpower by HR will see the Cadbury staff go through a series of re-employment tests to allocate them to suitable tasks. This means that potential loss of authority and power especially for the executives and leaders of Cadbury relevant to their positions resulting in a conflict between their self-interests and the organizations interests. Therefore, the move to quit by the staff may be explained by this clash of interests. Next, the misunderstanding may be another consideration since the top management could be inconsistent in conveying their messages while middle-level managers could have failed to communicate clearly and on a constant basis to employees. They may put off the delivery of what they deemed as negative news. At the same time, employees are interpreted to be in denial and avoid the truth. They are sceptical of success and are unwilling to move out of their comfort zone to embrace change. Lastly, the tolerance for change is low as the former Cadbury staff may take huge pride in how they go about doing their work. Kraft personnel think otherwise and what they thought to be desirable for the organisation could be in contradiction with the new staff. The former Cadbury staff may reject changes while Kraft personnel likewise will stick to their ways of carrying out tasks. We will look into the Model of Stages of Psychological Reaction by Hayes and Hyde (1996) adapted from Elizabeth Kubler-Ross(1969) and see how it affects the individual change of Cadbury worker. Model of Stages of Psychological Reaction When Kraft Inc. based in the America announces the acquisition of UKs Cadbury on February 2010, there was first, feelings of shock among the stakeholders and also the employees of both companies as the ongoing speculation has been realized. Upon the acquisition of Cadbury, subsequently Kraft drew up plans to smooth the process of integration of the UK-based competitor into the confectioner family. However, at this stage the general sentiments among the people involved are denial. The employees may find it difficult to come out of this particular stage. Implementation of the changes to the different levels of organisation as Kraft begins to incorporate and find a fit for the new employees, new teams and new managers. At this stage, employees may experience depression and letting go but the main idea is that most personnel will not be able to come out of the previous stage so they will have regress or stay put in the previous phase. Thus, not all will complete this cycle. Some may progress beyond and enter the acceptance and testing stage which we believe to consist of majority to be the lower level of staff and employees while the senior management figures most probably regress or stay in the denial stage or even move on to another company highly likely for the case according to the article 120 of 165 Cadbury Staff Leave Since Krafts Takeover on webpage http://www.foodanddrinkdigital.com/sectors/food-manufacturing/120-165-cadbury-staff-leave-kraft-takeover. Case Study (Quote your reference) In January 2005, Gillette was acquired by PG. The merger resulted in around 6000 job cuts which was equal to 4% of the combined workforce of the two companies. The process of post-merger integration of these two companies faced an inevitable resistance. A number of people were told that they had joined what they thought was a long-term employer with sufficient size and famous brand. They felt that Gillette was a leader in the industry on many fronts. Not only were some Gillette staff personally unprepared for the takeover, because they often felt that their company was the better one, they also did not believe in the tremendous opportunities that were promised by top management from PG. Gillette employees had to face the unpleasant dilemma of whether moving to PG (and coming to terms with the changes) or leaving the company. PG and Gillette essentially had two different corporate cultures. Employees of Gillette hoped that Gillette, because they had been so large and successful, would be able to influence PG post-acquisition. But hoping for that was a complete utopia, as one former employee said. Gillette was absorbed into PG and very little from its culture was left, another said. Rather than change, employees voluntarily but reluctantly left the jobs they thought they would have until retirement. (Quote your Reference) In a joint press release at the time of their merger in 1997, the president of Daimler-Benz, Jà ¼rgen Schrempp, and the president of Chrysler, Robert Eaton, declared that there will be no plant closures or layoffs as a result of the merger. However in 2000, the company announced there would be between 20000 and 40000 job cuts in the North American Chrysler division. Schrempp, by then the DaimlerChrysler president, claimed that the company was overstaffed by at least 6%. Announcing redundancies two or three years after the initial deal can cause even greater stress to the employees who thought that they were survivors. Employees are better prepared to handle the bad news straight after the transaction than two years later, after the newly merged culture has started to take shape when they thought they could rely on managements assurances regarding the merger, often accompanied, as in the Daimler/Chrysler example, with promises of no future redundancies. 4.1.2 Recommendations The negotiation and agreement approach would be much recommended. The resistance stems from Krafts inability to walk the talk of retaining the Somerdale plant in operation. On top of walking the talk, they are expected to keep behaviour consistent with messages, keep commitments and promises, and demonstrate some energy and enthusiasm regarding the change. Only then will team members feel they can take the next step of commitment. Kraft has to deploy the soft power to facilitate integration between the two cultures. The soft power provides an effective mean for Kraft to reach out to employees at a personal level. This promotes the establishment of a long-term positive relationship as empathy and communicating at employees level builds trust and strengthens their commitment to the organisation. 5.0 Conclusion In view of the acquisition of Cadbury, it is critical for Kraft to establish an effective leadership team to pave the way for a change programme. Kraft can adopt Adairs action leadership to have an overview of the three areas of need and ensure that they are met adequately. The success of the acquisition is also influenced by how well Kraft communicates to their employees on the change. Thus, Kraft should use the underscore and explore method to address the possible challenges and problems caused by culture differences. Due to the diverse cultures of Kraft and Cadbury, onion skin method can help Kraft identify the differences to prevent culture clash. With this in mind, Kraft can set directions for the management and employees to realign their styles of working to fit the companys vision. This will pave the way for Kraft to achieve their objectives and develop a strong standing corporate culture at the same time. Effective HR management may be a viable solution but in the long-run, in order to foster a harmonious relationship and spirit of unity among the management and employees. It is necessary to inculcate positive employee attitudes and promote willingness to learn with the acceptance of changes. Eventually, the organization can help staff to align their interests with those of the company so as to keep motivation high level across all departments. 6.0 Appendices 6.1 List of References References for Leadership Communication Type of Source Reference List Reference Books Bernard M. Bass, Ruth Bass (2008), Concepts of Leadership, The Bass Handbook of Leadership: Theory, Research, and Managerial Applications (4thedn), pg 17, Simon Schuster M V Rodriques(2000), The Meaning and Process of Communications, Perspectives of Communication and Communicative Competence, (1st edn), pg 12, Concept Publishing Company Bass, B. M. (1990), Organizational Dynamics, From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision, pg 22, Winter Case Studies Rebecca Johnson (2008), Refresh yourself, People Management Magazine, pg 32 Catherine Monthienvichienchai (2007), Climbing the Korea ladder, People Management Magazine, pg 30 Sarah Butcher (2005), Recovery plan, People Management Magazine, pg 34 Lecture Notes Duberly (2010), Change Management Lecture Notes References for Staff Resistance Type of Source Reference List Reference Books Esther Cameron Mike Green (2004,2009), Making Sense Of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change (2ndEdition) various Chapters Moeller S., (2009), Surviving MA: Make the Most of Your Company Being Acquired, John Wiley Sons Ltd Adolph G., Pettit J. and Sisk M., (2009), Merge Ahead: Mastering the Five Enduring Trends of Artful MA), Booz Company Inc Maginn M. D., (2007), Managing in time of change, McGraw-Hill Case Studies Gillette and Daimler Online Articles 120 of 165 Cadbury Staff Leave Since Kraft Takeover by Chris Farnell on July 29,2010 accessed on Saturday August 28, 2010 Kraft Gets Boost from Cadbury Thursday August 5, 2010 taken from The Wall Street Journal Earnings accessed on Saturday August 28, 2010 Kraft Criticised over Cadbury Factory Pledge May 26,2010 taken from BBC News Business accessed on Saturday August 28, 2010 Lecture Notes Duberly (2010), Change Management Lecture Notes Session 5 The Individual and Change Quotes Esther Cameron Mike Green (2004,2009), Making Sense Of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools and Techniques of Organizational Change (2ndEdition) What gets in the way of change: resistance to changeSchein E. Page 57, Kogan Page Limited, London UK charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8524101768205494967.post-80623048280069358032019-11-13T14:23:00.001-08:002019-11-13T14:23:04.062-08:00Alternative Sources of Energy Essay -- Energy Research Papers, 2015 As the population continues to increase day after day, so does the demand for oil and other natural resources. Eventually we will get to a point where we will need to find different ways of efficiently producing energy at a low cost. Twenty to thirty years ago it was hard to imagine what sources of energy (other than obvious possibilities like solar panels and windmills) that could efficiently supply the world. The advancement of technology today is opening new doors in the energy field that are likely to change the way we think about energy. With so many different sources of energy that are prevalent around the world, the challenge is found in harvesting and securing the energy at its source, and doing so in an efficient manner. I decided to do some research about possible future sources of energy, and my search turned up some interesting results. One of the most basic yet potentially worthwhile investments was found on an alternative energy website. This particular article talks about the use of flying wind farms. These flying wind farms are essentially "airborne turbines spinning at high altitudes sending power down via nano-tube cable tethers to generate power." Basically there would be two turbine's attached via the nano-tube cables that would fly high in the sky like kites. The strong wind from the high altitude would allow the turbines to capture and transmit the energy down the cables. The idea was being explored by NASA who said that the t... charlesrussell19745http://www.blogger.com/profile/08045445613115422711noreply@blogger.com0